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java web项目的web.xml详细说明【轻巧理解web.xml】

热度:498   发布时间:2012-09-11 10:49:03.0
java web项目的web.xml详细说明【轻松理解web.xml】

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声明:本文来自其他作者,具体出处忘记了,表示对作者抱歉。

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1. 常规配置:

此处参照CSDN 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/cocojiji5/article/details/1601428

每一个站的WEB-INF 下都有一个web.xml 的设定文件,它提供了我们站台的配置设定.

web.xml 定义:
?.
站台的名称和说明
?.
针对环境参数(Context) 做初始化工作
?.Servlet
的名称和映射
?.Session
的设定
?.Tag library
的对映
?.JSP
网页设定
?.Mime Type
处理
?.
错误处理
?.
利用JDNI 取得站台资源

要了解web.xml 的设定值,必须了解它的schema,web.xml 中知道它的schema 是由Sum Microsystems 公司定制的,如果你想更为详细的了解它,
可以到http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-mapp_2_5.xsd 网页,那里有更为详细的介绍。这里我介绍我们平常见得最都的.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
?? xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee " xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd "
?? xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd "
?? version="2.5">

<web-app>
这是一般在写XML 时所做的声明, 定义了XML 的版本,编码格式, 还有重要的指明schema 的来源,http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
/web-app_2_5.xsd.


<description>,<display-name>,<icon>
____________________________________________

<description> 站台描述</discription>
对站台做出描述.

<display-name> 站台名称</display-name>
定义站台的名称.

<icon>
icon
元素包含small-iconlarge-icon 两个子元素. 用来指定web 站台中小图标和大图标的路径.
<small-icon>/
路径/smallicon.gif</small-icon>
small-icon
元素应指向web 站台中某个小图标的路径, 大小为16 X 16 pixel, 但是图象文件必须为GIFJPEG 格式, 扩展名必须为:.gif
.jpg.

<large-icon>/ 路径/largeicon-jpg</large-icon>
large-icon
元素应指向web 站台中某个大图表路径, 大小为32 X 32 pixel, 但是图象文件必须为GIFJPEG 的格式, 扩展名必须为; gif
jpg.


范例:
<display-name>Develop Example</display-name>
<description>JSP 2.0 Tech Book's Examples</description>
<icon>
?? <small-icon>/images/small.gif</small-icon>
?? <large-icon>/images/large.gir</large-icon>
</icon>


<distributable>
______________________________________

<distributable>
distributable
元素为空标签, 它的存在与否可以指定站台是否可分布式处理. 如果web.xml 中出现这个元素, 则代表站台在开发时已经
被设计为能在多个JSP Container 之间分散执行.
范例:
<distributable/>

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<context-param>
___________________________________

<context-param>
context-param
元素用来设定web 站台的环境参数(context), 它包含两个子元素:
param-name
param-value.
<param-name>
参数名称</param-name>
设定Context 名称
<param-value>
</param-value>
设定Context 名称的值
</context-param>
范例:
<context-param>
?? <param-name>param_name</param-name>
?? <param-value>param_value</param-value>
</context-param>
此所设定的参数,JSP 网页中可以使用下列方法来取得:
${initParam.param_name}
若在Servlet 可以使用下列方法来获得:
String param_name=getServletContext().getInitParamter("param_name");

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<filter>
_________________________________
filter
元素用来声明filter 的相关设定.filter 元素除了下面介绍的的子元素之外, 还包括<servlet> 介绍过的<icon>,<display-name>
,<description>,<init-param>,
其用途一样.
<filter-name>Filter
的名称</filter-name>
定义Filter 的名称.
<filter-class>Filter
的类名称</filter-class>
定义Filter 的类名称. 例如:com.foo.hello
</filter>


范例:
<filter>
? <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
? <filter-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
? <init-param>
???? <param-name>encoding</param-name>
???? <param-value>GB2312</param-value>
? </init-param>
</filter>


<filter-mapping>
______________________________________
<filter-mapping>
filter-mapping
元素的两个主要子元素filter-nameurl-pattern. 用来定义Filter 所对应的URL.
<filter-name>Filter
的名称</filter-name>
定义Filter 的名称.
<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
Filter
所对应的RUL. 例如:<url-pattern>/Filter/Hello</url-pattern>

<servlet-name>Servlet 的名称<servlet-name>
定义servlet 的名称.
<dispatcher>REQUEST|INCLUDE|FORWARD|ERROR</disaptcher>
设定Filter 对应的请求方式,RQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWAR,ERROR 四种, 默认为REQUEST.
</filter-mapping>
范例:
<filter-mapping>
?? <filter-name>GZIPEncoding</filter-name>
?? <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

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<listener>
___________________________________________
<listener>
listener
元素用来定义Listener 接口, 它的主要子元素为<listener-class>
<listen-class>Listener
的类名称</listener-class>
定义Listener 的类名称. 例如: com.foo.hello
<listener>
范例:
<listener>
? <listener-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.ContenxtListener</listener-class>
</listener>

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<servlet-mapping>
_____________________________________________
servlet-mapping
元素包含两个子元素servlet-nameurl-pattern. 用来定义servlet 所对应URL.
<servlet-name>Servlet
的名称</servlet-name>
定义Servlet 的名称.
<url-pattern>Servlet URL</url-pattern>
定义Servlet 所对应的RUL. 例如:<url-pattern>/Servlet/Hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
范例:
<servlet-mapping>
?? <servlet-name>LoginChecker</servlet-name>
?? <url-pattern>/LoginChecker</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>


<session-cofing>
__________________________________
<session-config>
session-config
包含一个子元素session-timeout. 定义web 站台中的session 参数.
<session-timeout>
分钟</session-timeout>
定义这个web 站台所有session 的有效期限. 单位为分钟.
</session-config>
范例:
<session-config>
?? <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
</session-config>


<mime-mapping>
___________________________________________________
<mima-mapping>
mime-mapping
包含两个子元素extensionmime-type. 定义某一个扩展名和某一MIME Type 做对映.
<extension>
扩展名名称</extension>
扩展名称
<mime-type>MIME
格式</mime-type>
MIME
格式.
</mime-mapping>
范例:
<mime-mapping>
?? <extension>doc</extension>
?? <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
?? <extension>xls</extension>
?? <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
?? <extension>ppt</extesnion>
?? <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>

说明:<mime-mapping> 主要是用在下载的地方,如果你的web 项目没有下载这个模块,<mime-mapping> 可以不用配置的,

如果有下载的模块,但是没有配置,那么别人点下载的时候,会打开一个新窗口,而且多数情况下是乱码。有该配置后,就可以用迅雷,flashGet 等来下载,也可以目标另存为来下载文件,

在我的之前博客:2010-11-12 “ 下载的原理" 里面已有详细介绍给块。


<welcome-file-list>
_____________________________________________
<welcome-file-list>
welcome-file-list
包含一个子元素welcome-file. 用来定义首页列单.
<welcome-file>
用来指定首页文件名称</welcome-flie>
welcome-file
用来指定首页文件名称. 我们可以用<welcome-file> 指定几个首页, 而服务器会依照设定的顺序来找首页.
范例:
<welcome-file-list>
? <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
? <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

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<error-page>
_________________________
<error-page>
error-page
元素包含三个子元素error-code,exception-typelocation. 将错误代码(Error Code) 或异常(Exception) 的种类对应
web 站台资源路径.
<error-code>
错误代码</error-code>
HTTP Error code,
例如: 404
<exception-type>Exception</exception-type>
一个完整名称的Java 异常类型
<location>/
路径</location>
web 站台内的相关资源路径
</error-page>
范例:
<error-page>
?? <error-code>404</error-code>
?? <location>/error404.jsp</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
?? <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
?? <location>/except.jsp</location>
</error-page>

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<jsp-config>
_______________________________________________
<jsp-config>
jsp-config
元素主要用来设定JSP 的相关配置,<jsp:config> 包括<taglib><jsp-property-group> 两个子元素. 其中<taglib> 元素
JSP 1.2 时就已经存在了;<jsp-property-group>JSP 2.0 新增的元素.

<taglib>
taglib
元素包含两个子元素taglib-uritaglib-location. 用来设定JSP 网页用到的Tag Library 路径.
<taglib-uri>URI</taglib-uri>
?? taglib-uri
定义TLD 文件的URI,JSP 网页的taglib 指令可以经由这个URI 存取到TLD 文件.
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/xxx.tld</taglib-laction>
?? TLD
文件对应Web 站台的存放位置.
</taglib>

<jsp-property-group>
jsp-property-group
元素包含8 个元素, 分别为:
<description>Description</descrition>
此设定的说明

<display-name>Name</display-name>
此设定的名称

<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern>
设定值所影响的范围,:/CH2 或者/*.jsp

<el-ignored>true|false</el-ignored>
若为true, 表示不支持EL 语法.

<scripting-invalid>true|false</scripting-invalid>
若为true 表示不支持<%scription%> 语法.

<page-encoding>encoding</page-encoding>
设定JSP 网页的编码

<include-prelude>.jspf</include-prelude>
设置JSP 网页的抬头, 扩展名为.jspf

<include-coda>.jspf</include-coda>
设置JSP 网页的结尾, 扩展名为.jspf
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>
范例:
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
?? <taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri>
?? <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<jsp-property-group>
?? <description>
????? Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.
?? </description>
?? <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
?? <uri-pattern>/*</uri-pattern>
?? <el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
?? <page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding>
?? <scripting-inivalid>true</scripting-inivalid>
?? ............
</jsp-property-group>
</jsp-config>

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<resource-ref>
________________________________________________
<resource-ref>
resource-ref
元素包括五个子元素description,res-ref-name,res-type,res-auth,res-sharing-scope. 利用JNDI 取得站台可
利用资源.
<description>
说明</description>
资源说明

<rec-ref-name> 资源名称</rec-ref-name>
资源名称

<res-type> 资源种类</res-type>
资源种类

<res-auth>Application|Container</res-auth>
资源由ApplicationContainer 来许可

<res-sharing-scope>Shareable|Unshareable</res-sharing-scope>
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资源是否可以共享. 默认值为 Shareable
范例:
<resource-ref>
?? <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of JSPBook</description>
?? <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
?? <res-type>javax.sql.DataSoruce</res-type>
?? <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>

这些都是些比较常用的, 详细可以登录: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd

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2. 以前的一个项目Spring MVC + freemarkerweb.xml 的完整配置:

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "
?? xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee " xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd "
?? xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd "
?? version="2.5">


?<display-name>AAAA Web Application</display-name>

?<context-param>
??<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
??<param-value>
???classpath*:applicationContext-dao.xml
???classpath*:applicationContext-datasource.xml
???classpath:applicationContext-resources.xml
???classpath*:applicationContext-service.xml
???/WEB-INF/applicationContext-filter.xml
???/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml
??????? </param-value>
?</context-param>

?<context-param>
??<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>??
??<param-value>AAAA_web.root</param-value>??
?</context-param>??

?<context-param>
??<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
??<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
?</context-param>

?<filter>
??<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
??<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
??<init-param>
???<param-name>encoding</param-name>
???<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
??</init-param>
??<init-param>
???<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
???<param-value>true</param-value>
??</init-param>
?</filter>

?<filter-mapping>
??<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
??<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?
?<!--
分发服务器服务、和订购消息服务、暂时屏蔽
?<filter>
??<filter-name>AAAANotifyFilter</filter-name>
??<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
?</filter>
?<filter-mapping>
??<filter-name>AAAANotifyFilter</filter-name>
??<url-pattern>/notify.html</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?<filter>
??<filter-name>AAAACallbackFilter</filter-name>
??<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
?</filter>
?<filter-mapping>
??<filter-name>AAAACallbackFilter</filter-name>
??<url-pattern>/callback.shtml</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
? -->
?<!--
?? <filter>
?? <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
?? <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
?? </filter>
?? <filter-mapping>
?? <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
?? <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
?? </filter-mapping>
?-->
?<listener>
??<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
?</listener>

?<listener>
??<listener-class>
??????????? org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
?</listener>

?<listener>
??<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
?</listener>

?<servlet>
??<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
??<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
??<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
?</servlet>

?<servlet-mapping>
??<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
??<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
??<url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
??<url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern>
?</servlet-mapping>

?<!--?<servlet>-->
?<!--??? <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>-->
?<!--??? <servlet-class>org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>-->
?<!--??? <init-param>-->
?<!--????? <param-name>useFileMappedBuffer</param-name>-->
?<!--????? <param-value>false</param-value>-->
?<!--??? </init-param>-->
?<!--??? <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>-->
?<!--? </servlet>-->


?<filter>
??<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
??<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
?</filter>

?<filter-mapping>
??<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
??<url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>

?<session-config>
??<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
?</session-config>

?<error-page>
??<error-code>500</error-code>
??<location>/500.html</location>
?</error-page>
?<error-page>
??<error-code>403</error-code>
??<location>/403.html</location>
?</error-page>
</web-app>

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3. 以前的SSH 架构 ,加了spring ,加了freemarkerweb.xml 配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee "
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd ">

?<display-name> 网创运营平台</display-name>
?<context-param>
? <!-- spring
配置文件 -->
? <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
? <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
?</context-param>

?<!-- Spring Security
? <filter>
??<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
??<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
?</filter>
?<filter-mapping>
??<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
??<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?OpenSessionInViewFilter? -->
?<!--
字符编码过滤器 -->
???? <filter>
??? <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
??? <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
??? <init-param>
????? <param-name>encoding</param-name>
????? <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
??? </init-param>
??? <init-param>
????? <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
????? <param-value>true</param-value>
??? </init-param>
? </filter>
? <filter-mapping>
??? <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
??? <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
? </filter-mapping>
?
?<filter>
? <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
? <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
? <init-param>
?? <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
?? <param-value>true</param-value>
? </init-param>
?</filter>
?<!-- System Auth Filter -->
?<filter>
? <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
? <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.interceptors.AuthFilter</filter-class>
?</filter>
?<filter>
? <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name>
? <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.util.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
? <init-param>
?? <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
?? <param-value>true</param-value>
? </init-param>
?</filter>
?<!-- struts2 -->
?<filter>
? <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
? <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
? <init-param>
?? <param-name>actionPackages</param-name>
?? <param-value>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.action</param-value>
? </init-param>
?</filter>
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
? <filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
? <filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
? <filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?? <filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>/views/*</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>/system/*</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?<filter-mapping>
? <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
? <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
?</filter-mapping>
?
?
?<!-- Spring Framework -->
?<listener>
? <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
?</listener>
?<!-- ServletContextListener
,需要服务器启动时加载的 -->
?<listener>
? <listener-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.web.WebContextListerner</listener-class>
?</listener>
?
?<!--
兼容 ftl -->
? <servlet>
??? <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
??? <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
??? <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
? </servlet>
? <servlet-mapping>
??? <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
??? <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
??? <url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern>
? </servlet-mapping>
?
?
?
?<servlet>
? <display-name>ElFinderServlet</display-name>
? <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name>
? <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.elfinder.ElFinderServlet</servlet-class>
?</servlet>
?? <servlet>
?<servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name>
??? <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.util.ShowImageServlet</servlet-class>
?</servlet>
?<servlet-mapping>
? <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name>
? <url-pattern>/ElFinderServlet</url-pattern>
?</servlet-mapping>
?<servlet-mapping>
?? <servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name>
?? <url-pattern>/ShowImageServlet</url-pattern>
?</servlet-mapping>
?
?<!-- jFreeChart add by xiongt 20110616 -->
?? <servlet>
???????? <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
???????? <servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class>
?</servlet>
?<servlet-mapping>
???????? <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
???????? <url-pattern>/DisplayChart</url-pattern>
?</servlet-mapping>
?
?<session-config>
? <session-timeout>1200</session-timeout>
?</session-config>
?<!--<jsp-config>
??<jsp-property-group>
???<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
???<trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces>
??</jsp-property-group>
?</jsp-config>-->
?<welcome-file-list>
? <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
?</welcome-file-list>
?<login-config>
? <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
?</login-config>
</web-app>

最后,请大家慢慢品味其中差异。

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