Python学习历程04--视图和URL（2022年）

Django–视图和URL

定义视图

• 视图就是一个Python函数，被定义在应用的views.py中.
• 视图的第一个参数是HttpRequest类型的对象reqeust，包含了所有请求信息.
• 视图必须返回HttpResponse对象，包含返回给请求者的响应信息.
• 需要导入HttpResponse模块 :from django.http import HttpResponse
• 定义视图函数 : 响应字符串OK!给客户端

(python-django) andre@ubuntu18:~/Desktop/python1/bookmanager/book$ more views.py 
from django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponsedef index(request):return HttpResponse('hello Django!!!')

接下定义找到视图URL

查找视图的过程 :

• 1.请求者在浏览器地址栏中输入URL, 请求到网站.
• 2.网站获取URL信息.
• 3.然后与编写好的URLconf逐条匹配.
• 4.如果匹配成功则调用对应的视图.
• 5.如果所有的URLconf都没有匹配成功.则返回404错误.

基本步骤：

• 需要两步完成URLconf配置
  • 1.在项目中定义URLconf
  • 2.在应用中定义URLconf

(python-django) andre@ubuntu18:~/Desktop/python1/bookmanager/bookmanager$ more urls.py 
"""bookmanager URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views1. Add an import: from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import includeurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),    #只要不是admin开头的都匹配下一个url(r'^', include('book.urls')),
]
#新建一个urls.py
(python-django) andre@ubuntu18:~/Desktop/python1/bookmanager/book$ more urls.py 
from django.conf.urls import url
from book.views import indexurlpatterns = [url(r'^$', index),
]

admin匹配不变化

显示hello Django!!!

View和URL匹配流程

后续

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