【Linux】Linux 下 rsync 命令使用

1. 介绍

Rsync（remote synchronize）是一个远程数据同步工具，可通过LAN/WAN快速同步多台主机间的文件。Rsync使用所谓的“Rsync算法”来使本地和远 程两个主机之间的文件达到同步，这个算法只传送两个文件的不同部分，而不是每次都整份传送，因此速度相当快。

Rsync支持大多数的类Unix系统，无论是Linux、Solaris还是BSD上都经过了良好的测试。

此外，它在windows平台下也有相应的版本，如cwRsync和Sync2NAS等工具。

Rsync本来是用于替代rcp的一个工具，目前由rsync.samba.org维护，所以rsync.conf文件的格式类似于samba的主配 置文件；Rsync可以通过rsh或ssh使用，也能以daemon模式去运行。

在以daemon方式运行时Rsync server会打开一个873 端口，等待客户端去连接。连接时，Rsync server会检查口令是否相符，若通过口令查核，则可以开始进行文件传输。第一次连通完成时，会把整份文件传输一次，以后则就只需进行增量备份。

Rsync 具有以下特点：

1. 可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统；
2. 可以很容易做到保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接等；
3. 无须特殊权限即可安装；
4. 优化的流程，文件传输效率高；
5. 可以使用rsh、ssh等方式来传输文件，当然也可以通过直接的socket连接；
6. 支持匿名传输

2. 使用

Usage:
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.

Eg:

rsync -av /backup/ -e ssh root@192.168.1.110:/bak
#-a: archive归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性，链接等,等于-rlptgoD
#-v: 显示详细信息

3. 选项

Options-v, --verbose               increase verbosity--info=FLAGS            fine-grained informational verbosity--debug=FLAGS           fine-grained debug verbosity--msgs2stderr           special output handling for debugging-q, --quiet                 suppress non-error messages--no-motd               suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)-c, --checksum              skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size-a, --archive               archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)--no-OPTION             turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)-r, --recursive             recurse into directories-R, --relative              use relative path names--no-implied-dirs       don't send implied dirs with --relative-b, --backup                make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)--backup-dir=DIR        make backups into hierarchy based in DIR--suffix=SUFFIX         set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)-u, --update                skip files that are newer on the receiver--inplace               update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)--append                append data onto shorter files--append-verify         like --append, but with old data in file checksum-d, --dirs                  transfer directories without recursing-l, --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks-L, --copy-links            transform symlink into referent file/dir--copy-unsafe-links     only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed--safe-links            ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree--munge-links           munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)-k, --copy-dirlinks         transform symlink to a dir into referent dir-K, --keep-dirlinks         treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir-H, --hard-links            preserve hard links-p, --perms                 preserve permissions-E, --executability         preserve the file's executability--chmod=CHMOD           affect file and/or directory permissions-A, --acls                  preserve ACLs (implies --perms)-X, --xattrs                preserve extended attributes-o, --owner                 preserve owner (super-user only)-g, --group                 preserve group--devices               preserve device files (super-user only)--specials              preserve special files-D                          same as --devices --specials-t, --times                 preserve modification times-O, --omit-dir-times        omit directories from --times-J, --omit-link-times       omit symlinks from --times--super                 receiver attempts super-user activities--fake-super            store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs-S, --sparse                handle sparse files efficiently--preallocate           allocate dest files before writing them-n, --dry-run               perform a trial run with no changes made-W, --whole-file            copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)-x, --one-file-system       don't cross filesystem boundaries-B, --block-size=SIZE       force a fixed checksum block-size-e, --rsh=COMMAND           specify the remote shell to use--rsync-path=PROGRAM    specify the rsync to run on the remote machine--existing              skip creating new files on receiver--ignore-existing       skip updating files that already exist on receiver--remove-source-files   sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)--del                   an alias for --delete-during--delete                delete extraneous files from destination dirs--delete-before         receiver deletes before transfer, not during--delete-during         receiver deletes during the transfer--delete-delay          find deletions during, delete after--delete-after          receiver deletes after transfer, not during--delete-excluded       also delete excluded files from destination dirs--ignore-missing-args   ignore missing source args without error--delete-missing-args   delete missing source args from destination--ignore-errors         delete even if there are I/O errors--force                 force deletion of directories even if not empty--max-delete=NUM        don't delete more than NUM files--max-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file larger than SIZE--min-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE--partial               keep partially transferred files--partial-dir=DIR       put a partially transferred file into DIR--delay-updates         put all updated files into place at transfer's end-m, --prune-empty-dirs      prune empty directory chains from the file-list--numeric-ids           don't map uid/gid values by user/group name--usermap=STRING        custom username mapping--groupmap=STRING       custom groupname mapping--chown=USER:GROUP      simple username/groupname mapping--timeout=SECONDS       set I/O timeout in seconds--contimeout=SECONDS    set daemon connection timeout in seconds-I, --ignore-times          don't skip files that match in size and mod-time-M, --remote-option=OPTION  send OPTION to the remote side only--size-only             skip files that match in size--modify-window=NUM     compare mod-times with reduced accuracy-T, --temp-dir=DIR          create temporary files in directory DIR-y, --fuzzy                 find similar file for basis if no dest file--compare-dest=DIR      also compare destination files relative to DIR--copy-dest=DIR         ... and include copies of unchanged files--link-dest=DIR         hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged-z, --compress              compress file data during the transfer--compress-level=NUM    explicitly set compression level--skip-compress=LIST    skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST-C, --cvs-exclude           auto-ignore files the same way CVS does-f, --filter=RULE           add a file-filtering RULE-F                          same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'--exclude=PATTERN       exclude files matching PATTERN--exclude-from=FILE     read exclude patterns from FILE--include=PATTERN       don't exclude files matching PATTERN--include-from=FILE     read include patterns from FILE--files-from=FILE       read list of source-file names from FILE-0, --from0                 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s-s, --protect-args          no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars--address=ADDRESS       bind address for outgoing socket to daemon--port=PORT             specify double-colon alternate port number--sockopts=OPTIONS      specify custom TCP options--blocking-io           use blocking I/O for the remote shell--stats                 give some file-transfer stats-8, --8-bit-output          leave high-bit chars unescaped in output-h, --human-readable        output numbers in a human-readable format--progress              show progress during transfer-P                          same as --partial --progress-i, --itemize-changes       output a change-summary for all updates--out-format=FORMAT     output updates using the specified FORMAT--log-file=FILE         log what we're doing to the specified FILE--log-file-format=FMT   log updates using the specified FMT--password-file=FILE    read daemon-access password from FILE--list-only             list the files instead of copying them--bwlimit=RATE          limit socket I/O bandwidth--outbuf=N|L|B          set output buffering to None, Line, or Block--write-batch=FILE      write a batched update to FILE--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination--read-batch=FILE       read a batched update from FILE--protocol=NUM          force an older protocol version to be used--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC    request charset conversion of filenames--checksum-seed=NUM     set block/file checksum seed (advanced)--noatime               do not alter atime when opening source files-4, --ipv4                  prefer IPv4-6, --ipv6                  prefer IPv6--version               print version number
(-h) --help                  show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers