C#学习（面向对象）Day11——集合ArrayList、List＜T＞、Stack、Stack＜T＞、Queue、Queue＜T＞、Dictionary、HashTable

1.ArrayList 动态数组

using System;
using System.Collections;namespace Day16_1
{//动态数组//特点：//1.动态添加或减少元素//2.实现了Icollection\IList\Ienumerable接口//3.灵活的设置数组大小//4.不安全的集合类型//5。其元素为值类型时，效率不高（装箱拆箱耗性能)public class LearnArrayList{public static void ArrayListDemo(){//实例化动态数组对象，默认是没有元素的ArrayList  numbers = new ArrayList();//-----------------------------------------------------//1.添加元素Addnumbers.Add(1);numbers.Add(1);numbers.Add(1);numbers.Add(1.5f);numbers.Add("3.14");Console.WriteLine(numbers[0]);Console.WriteLine(numbers[1]);Console.WriteLine(numbers[2]);//-----------------------------------------------------//2.删除元素Remove//通过一个值删除numbers.Remove(1);//有多个相同的数，只删一个numbers.Remove(123);//没有就删除不了，也不提示//通过下标删除numbers.RemoveAt(1);//删除下标为1的元素//-----------------------------------------------------//3.遍历素组//for遍历动态数组元素for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Count; i++){Console.WriteLine(numbers[i]);}//foreach遍历动态数组元素//必须实现了IEnumerator接口foreach (object item in numbers){Console.WriteLine(item);}//-----------------------------------------------------//4.插入元素Insert//在指定位置插入元素numbers.Insert(1,10);//foreach (object item in numbers){Console.WriteLine(item);}//5.将数组元素逆转numbers.Reverse();//6.判断元素是否在动态数组中bool test = numbers.Contains(1);//返回值为Bool类型Console.WriteLine(test);//7.清空动态数组numbers.Clear();//8.CopyTo//9.IndeOf//10.RemoveRange(int index,int count)//11.Sort}}class Program{//数组*****************************************************************//局限性//1，只能存储相同数据类型的数据//2.长度是固定的，不能扩展//优点//数组开辟的内存是连续的，知道下标的话，读取容易/**容器型数据类型**///集合*****************************************************************//集合可以动态调整长度（变长)//泛型集合：存相同的数据类型////非泛型集合：存储的是万能基类object,几乎所有数据类型都可以存储，缺点是需要装箱拆箱//动态数组(ArrayList),抽象类//堆栈(Stack)//队列(Queue)//哈希表(HashTable)static void Main(string[] args){LearnArrayList.ArrayListDemo();}}
}

2.List<T> 泛型动态数组

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace Day16_2
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//List<T>//泛型动态数组//List类是ArrayList类的泛型等效类//同样实现了IList接口,IEnumrator接口和ICollection//与ArrayList不同的是,声明集合时需要声明集合内部的数据类型,即T的类型//安全的集合类型//某种情况时,在处理值类型时其处理速度比ArrayList快的多//泛型动态数组实例化List<int> numbers = new List<int>();//添加numbers.Add(1);numbers.Add(2);numbers.Add((int)2.2f);//删除numbers.Remove(1);//删除第一个出现1的元素numbers.RemoveAt(2);//删除索引处为2的元素//插入numbers.Insert(1,2);//插入索引处为1的地方//反转numbers.Reverse();//反转数组//判断是否含有numbers.Contains(1); //判断是否含有1//清空numbers.Clear();//遍历for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Count; i++){Console.WriteLine(numbers[i]);}foreach (var item in numbers){Console.WriteLine(numbers[item]);}}}
}

3.Stack  堆栈（泛型、非泛型）

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace Day16_3
{//堆栈//后进先出(LIFO)的一种数据结构,本质上堆栈也是一种线性结构//线性结构的基本特点:即每个节点有且只有一个前驱结点和一个后续节点//随着像Stack中添加元素,容量通过重新分配按需自动增加//可以接受null作为有效值//允许重复的元素//不安全的数据结构//其泛型为Stack<T>class LearnStack{Stack numbers = new Stack();}class Tstack{Stack<float> littleNumbers = new Stack<float>();}class Program{//Stack堆栈//常用方法//Push()//Pop()//Peek()//Contains()//Clear()//Count()static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");}}
}

4.Queue 队列（泛型、非泛型）

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace Day16_4
{//队列Queue//先进先出(FIFO)的一种数据结构//随着像Queue中添加元素,容量通过重新分配按需自动增加,可以通过TrimToSize来减少容量//可以接受null作为有效值//允许重复的元素//不安全的数据结构//其泛型为Queue<T>//在A*算法中会用优先级队列处理路径节点class LearnQueue{public static void QueueDemo(){//队列实例化Queue<string> words = new Queue<string>();//进队列words.Enqueue("xiaoming");words.Enqueue("xiaohong");//出队列//获取队列队头元素，并移除string person = words.Dequeue();Console.WriteLine(person);string person1 = words.Dequeue();Console.WriteLine(person1);string person2 = words.Peek();Console.WriteLine(person2);//Coutains()//Clear()//Count()}}class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");}}
}

5.Dictionary 字典

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;namespace Day16_5
{class Program{//字典(Dictionary)//处理和表现类似key-value的键值对的集合//Key和Value的类型由泛型指定//key值必须唯一,区分大小写//Value可以是值类型变量,也可以是对象//两个元素，成对存在//(key,value)，key必须时唯一的class Equip{}class LearnDiationary{public static void DicDemo(){//实例化字典Dictionary<string,Equip> equips = new Dictionary<string, Equip>();Equip abc = new Equip();//向字典中添加元素equips.Add("a",new Equip());equips.Add("ABC",abc);//删除字典中的元素equips.Remove("a");//判断key是否存在bool iscontains = equips.ContainsKey("a");//判断value是否存在bool contains1 = equips.ContainsValue(abc);//获取字典中的元素Equip equip = equips["a"];//遍历只能用foreachforeach (var item in equips){Console.WriteLine(item);}//只遍历keysforeach (var item in equips.Keys){Console.WriteLine(item);}//只遍历valuesforeach (var item in equips.Values){//item是一个迭代变量，是不能被赋值的Console.WriteLine(item);}}}static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");}}
}

6.HashTable 哈希表

using System;namespace Day16_6
{class Program{//HashTable哈希表//处理和表现类似key-value的键值对的集合//Key和Value都是object类型//key值必须唯一,区分大小写//Value可以是值类型变量,也可以是对象//Add() 将指定的键和值添加到哈希表中//Clear() 从 Hashtable中移除所有的元素。//ContainsKey() 判断 Hashtable是否包含指定的键。//ContainsValue() 判断 Hashtable是否包含指定的值。//Remove() 从 Hashtable中移除带有指定的键的元素。//Keys 获取一个ICollection，包含Hashtable中的键。//Values 获取一个ICollection包含Hashtable中的值static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");}}
}

老师做法：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace aHomework
{class Student : IComparable<Student>{private string name;private char sex;private byte age;private string id;private string address;/// <summary>/// 分数/// </summary>private Dictionary<string,float> scores;public Student(string id, string name){this.id = id;this.name = name;scores = new Dictionary<string, float>();}public Student(string id,string name, char sex,byte age,string address) : this(id,name){this.sex = sex;this.age = age;this.address = address;}/// <summary>/// 自我介绍/// </summary>public void ShowMe(){Console.WriteLine("-------学生信息---------");Console.WriteLine($"学号：{id}");Console.WriteLine($"姓名：{name}");if (sex != '\0'){Console.WriteLine($"性别：{sex}");}if (age != 0){Console.WriteLine($"年龄：{age}");}if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(address)){Console.WriteLine($"地址：{address}");}Console.WriteLine("----------------------");}public Dictionary<string, float> Scores{get => scores;set => scores = value;}public string Address{get => address;set => address = value;}public string Id{get => id;set => id = value;}public byte Age{get => age;set => age = value;}public char Sex{get => sex;set => sex = value;}public string Name{get => name;set => name = value;}private int CompareToByAge(Student other){//   此对象      另一个对象if (this.Age < other.Age){return -1;}else if(this.Age > other.Age){return 1;}else{return 0;}}private int CompareToByScore(Student other){//先比较没有成绩的情况if (scores.Count == 0)return 1;if (other.scores.Count == 0)return -1;//遍历的顺序:第一遍【数学】第二遍【语文】第三遍【英语】foreach (var item in scores){//我的分数if (item.Value > other.scores[item.Key]){return -1;}else if(item.Value < other.scores[item.Key]){return 1;}}return 0;}public int CompareTo(Student other){// return CompareToByAge(other);return CompareToByScore(other);}}public enum StudentMsgType{Name,Age,Sex}class StudentManager{#region Singletonprivate static StudentManager instance;public static StudentManager GetInstance(){if (instance == null){instance = new StudentManager();}return instance;}private StudentManager(){studentDictionary = new Dictionary<string, Student>();studentList = new List<Student>();}#endregionprivate Dictionary<string, Student> studentDictionary;private List<Student> studentList;/// <summary>/// 添加学生/// </summary>/// <param name="student"></param>public void AddStudent(Student student){if (student == null){Console.WriteLine("学生不能为null...");return;}if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(student.Id)){Console.WriteLine("传入的学生没有学号，禁止添加！");return;}//判断学生列表中是否已经存在该学号if (studentDictionary.ContainsKey(student.Id)){Console.WriteLine("学生列表中已经存在该学号，禁止添加！");return;}//添加学生studentDictionary.Add(student.Id, student);Console.WriteLine($"添加学生{student.Name}成功！");}/// <summary>/// 添加新生/// </summary>/// <param name="id"></param>/// <param name="name"></param>public void AddStudent(string id, string name){//实例化学生对象Student stu = new Student(id, name);AddStudent(stu);}/// <summary>/// 根据学号移除学生/// </summary>/// <param name="studentID"></param>public void RemoveStudent(string studentID){if (studentDictionary.ContainsKey(studentID)){//移除学生studentDictionary.Remove(studentID);Console.WriteLine($"移除学号为{studentID}的学生成功！");}else{Console.WriteLine($"{studentID}所对应的学号，不存在...");}}/// <summary>/// 根据学生姓名查询/// </summary>/// <param name="studentName"></param>/// <returns></returns>public Student[] SeachStudent(StudentMsgType msgType, object studentMsg){int count = 0;//先创建ListList<Student> sameNameStudentsList = new List<Student>();foreach (var item in studentDictionary.Values){bool matchName = msgType == StudentMsgType.Name && item.Name == studentMsg.ToString();bool matchSex = msgType == StudentMsgType.Sex && item.Sex == Convert.ToChar(studentMsg);bool matchAge = msgType == StudentMsgType.Age && item.Age == Convert.ToByte(studentMsg);if (matchName || matchSex || matchAge){//展示学生信息item.ShowMe();count++;//添加到列表sameNameStudentsList.Add(item);}}if (count == 0){switch (msgType){case StudentMsgType.Name:Console.WriteLine($"不存在姓名为:{studentMsg}的学生");break;case StudentMsgType.Sex:Console.WriteLine($"不存在性别为:{studentMsg}的学生");break;case StudentMsgType.Age:Console.WriteLine($"不存在年龄为:{studentMsg}的学生");break;}return null;}Student[] sameNameStudents = new Student[count];//将List中的学生拷贝到数组中sameNameStudentsList.CopyTo(sameNameStudents);//返回结果return sameNameStudents;}/// <summary>/// 将字典中的数据导入List/// </summary>private void StudentsDicToList(){//清空ListstudentList.Clear();foreach (var item in studentDictionary.Values){studentList.Add(item);}}private void StudentsListToDic(){//清空ListstudentDictionary.Clear();foreach (var item in studentList){studentDictionary.Add(item.Id,item);}}/// <summary>/// 学生根据年龄排序/// </summary>public void SortByAge(){//导入StudentsDicToList();//排序studentList.Sort();foreach (var item in studentList){Console.WriteLine($"姓名：{item.Name} - 年龄：{item.Age}");}}public void SortByScores(){//导入StudentsDicToList();//排序studentList.Sort();foreach (var item in studentList){Console.WriteLine($"姓名：{item.Name}\t");foreach (var scoreItem in item.Scores){Console.WriteLine($"科目：{scoreItem.Key} - 成绩：{scoreItem.Value}");}}}}internal class Program{public static void Main(string[] args){StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent("200201","张三");StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent("200202","李四");Student student1 = new Student("200203","王五",'男',18,"北京");student1.Scores.Add("math",80);student1.Scores.Add("chinese",70);student1.Scores.Add("english",60);Student student2 = new Student("200204","赵六",'女',17,"北京");student2.Scores.Add("math",100);student2.Scores.Add("chinese",80);student2.Scores.Add("english",80);Student student3 = new Student("200205","冯七",'男',18,"北京");student3.Scores.Add("math",80);student3.Scores.Add("chinese",70);student3.Scores.Add("english",20);Student student4 = new Student("200206","赵六",'男',28,"北京");student4.Scores.Add("math",100);student4.Scores.Add("chinese",60);student4.Scores.Add("english",60);StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent(student1);StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent(student2);StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent(student3);StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent(student4);StudentManager.GetInstance().AddStudent(student4);StudentManager.GetInstance().RemoveStudent("200202");StudentManager.GetInstance().SeachStudent(StudentMsgType.Name, "赵六");Console.WriteLine("**************");StudentManager.GetInstance().SeachStudent(StudentMsgType.Age, 18);Console.WriteLine("**************");StudentManager.GetInstance().SeachStudent(StudentMsgType.Sex, '男');Console.WriteLine("****************************");// StudentManager.GetInstance().SortByAge();StudentManager.GetInstance().SortByScores();}}
}

我的做法： 

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace test_1
{class Student : IComparable<Student>{public string name;public string sex;public int age;public string ID;public string adress;public int[] grade;public Student(string name, string sex, int age, string id, string adress, int[] grade){this.name = name;this.sex = sex;this.age = age;ID = id;this.adress = adress;this.grade = grade;}/*public int CompareTo(Student other){if (this.age >= other.age){return 1;//空值比较大，返回1}return this.age.CompareTo(other.age);//升序//return other.age.CompareTo(this.age);//降序}*/public int CompareTo(Student other){if (this.grade[0] > other.grade[0]){return 1;//空值比较大，返回1}else if(this.grade[0]==other.grade[0]){if (this.grade[1] > other.grade[1]){return 1;}else if (this.grade[1] == other.grade[1]){if (this.grade[2]>other.grade[2]){return 1;}}}return this.age.CompareTo(other.age);//升序//return other.age.CompareTo(this.age);//降序}/*public int Compare(Student x, Student y){if (x.age < y.age)return -1;else if (x.age == y.age)return 0;elsereturn 1;}*/}class MyList{List<Student> StudentMsg = new List<Student>();//添加学生public void AddStudent(Student student){int flag = 0;foreach (var item in StudentMsg){flag++;if (item.ID == student.ID){Console.WriteLine("学生ID已存在，无法添加...");}}if (flag == StudentMsg.Count){StudentMsg.Add(student);Console.WriteLine("该学生添加成功！");}}//移除学生public void RemoveStudent(string ID){int flag = 0;for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){flag++;if (StudentMsg[i].ID==ID){StudentMsg.Remove(StudentMsg[i]);Console.WriteLine($"学号为{ID}的学生删除成功！");break;}}if (flag == StudentMsg.Count){Console.WriteLine($"系统没有学号为{ID}的学生，无法删除...");}}//查询学生public void SearchStudentByName(string name){int flag = 0;for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){flag++;if (StudentMsg[i].name==name){Console.WriteLine($"姓名:{StudentMsg[i].name}," +$"性别:{StudentMsg[i].sex}," +$"年龄:{StudentMsg[i].age}," +$"学号:{StudentMsg[i].ID}," +$"地址:{StudentMsg[i].adress}," +$"数学:{StudentMsg[i].grade[1]}," +$"语文:{StudentMsg[i].grade[0]}," +$"英语:{StudentMsg[i].grade[2]}");}}if (flag == StudentMsg.Count){Console.WriteLine($"系统中没有姓名为{name}的学生...");}}public void SearchStudentBySex(string sex){int flag = 0;for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){if (StudentMsg[i].sex==sex){Console.WriteLine($"姓名:{StudentMsg[i].name}," +$"性别:{StudentMsg[i].sex}," +$"年龄:{StudentMsg[i].age}," +$"学号:{StudentMsg[i].ID}," +$"地址:{StudentMsg[i].adress}," +$"数学:{StudentMsg[i].grade[1]}," +$"语文:{StudentMsg[i].grade[0]}," +$"英语:{StudentMsg[i].grade[2]}");}}if (flag == StudentMsg.Count){Console.WriteLine($"系统中没有性别为{sex}的学生...");}}public void SearchStudentByAge(int age){int flag = 0;for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){if (StudentMsg[i].age==age){Console.WriteLine($"姓名:{StudentMsg[i].name}," +$"性别:{StudentMsg[i].sex}," +$"年龄:{StudentMsg[i].age}," +$"学号:{StudentMsg[i].ID}," +$"地址:{StudentMsg[i].adress}," +$"数学:{StudentMsg[i].grade[1]}," +$"语文:{StudentMsg[i].grade[0]}," +$"英语:{StudentMsg[i].grade[2]}");}}if (flag == StudentMsg.Count){Console.WriteLine($"系统中没有年龄为{age}的学生...");}}//排序public void SortStudentByAge(){StudentMsg.Sort();for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){Console.WriteLine($"姓名:{StudentMsg[i].name}," +$"性别:{StudentMsg[i].sex}," +$"年龄:{StudentMsg[i].age}," +$"学号:{StudentMsg[i].ID}," +$"地址:{StudentMsg[i].adress}," +$"数学:{StudentMsg[i].grade[1]}," +$"语文:{StudentMsg[i].grade[0]}," +$"英语:{StudentMsg[i].grade[2]}");}}public void SortStudentByGrade(){StudentMsg.Sort();for (int i = 0; i < StudentMsg.Count; i++){Console.WriteLine($"姓名:{StudentMsg[i].name}," +$"性别:{StudentMsg[i].sex}," +$"年龄:{StudentMsg[i].age}," +$"学号:{StudentMsg[i].ID}," +$"地址:{StudentMsg[i].adress}," +$"数学:{StudentMsg[i].grade[1]}," +$"语文:{StudentMsg[i].grade[0]}," +$"英语:{StudentMsg[i].grade[2]}");}}}class Program{static void Main(string[] args){MyList test = new MyList();int[] a = new[] {90, 90, 90};Student s1 = new Student("小明","男",18,"180801","北京市昌平区",a);int[] b = new[] {80, 100, 80};Student s2 = new Student("小红","女",17,"180802","北京市顺义区",b);int[] c = new[] {100, 80, 100};Student s3 = new Student("小刚","男",19,"180703","北京市东城区",c);test.AddStudent(s1);test.AddStudent(s2);test.AddStudent(s3);Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");//test.RemoveStudent("180801");Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");test.SearchStudentByAge(17);Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");test.SearchStudentByName("小明");Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");test.SearchStudentBySex("男");Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");test.SortStudentByAge();Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");test.SortStudentByGrade();Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");}}
}