The State of the Art
International grandmaster Arnold Denker studies the pieces on the board in front of him. He realizes there is no hope; he must resign the game. His opponent, Hitech, becomes the first computer program to defeat a grandmaster in a game of chess.
''I want to go from Boston to San Francisco,'' the traveller says into the microphone. ''What date will you be travelling on?'' is the reply. The traveller explains she wants to go October 20th, nonstop, on the cheapest available fare, returning on Sunday. A speech understanding program named Pegasus handles the whole transaction, which results in a confirmed reservation that saves the traveller $894 over the regular coach fare. Even though the speech recognizer gets one out of ten words wrong, it is able to recover from these errors because of its understanding of how dialogs are put together.
An analyst in the Mission Operations room of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory suddenly starts paying attention. A red message has flashed onto the screen indicating an ''anomaly'' with the Voyager spacecraft, which is somewhere in the vicinity of Neptune. Fortunately, the analyst is able to correct the problem from the ground. Operations personnel believe the problem might have been overlooked had it not been for Marvel, a real-time expert system that monitors the massive stream of data transmitted by the spacecraft, handling routine tasks and alerting the analysts to more serious problems.
Cruising the highway outside of Pittsburgh at a comfortable 55 mph, the man in the driver's seat seems relaxed. He should be--for the past 90 miles, he has not had to touch the steering wheel. The real driver is a robotic system that gathers input from video cameras, sonar, and laser range finders attached to the van. It combines these inputs with experience learned from training runs and successfully computes how to steer the vehicle.
A leading expert on lymph-node pathology describes a fiendishly difficult case to the expert system, and examines the system's diagnosis. He scoffs at the system's response. Only slightly worried, the creators of the system suggest he ask the computer for an explanation of the diagnosis. The machine points out the major factors influencing its decision, and explains the subtle interaction of several of the symptoms in this case. The expert admits his error, eventually.
From a camera perched on a street light above the crossroads, the traffic monitor watches the scene. If any humans were awake to read the main screen, they would see ''Citroen 2CV turning from Place de la Concorde into Champs Elysees,'' ''Large truck of unknown make stopped on Place de la Concorde,'' and so on into the night. And occasionally, ''Major incident on Place de la Concorde, speeding van collided with motorcyclist,'' and an automatic call to the emergency services.
These are just a few examples of artificial intelligence systems that exist today. Not magic or science fiction--but rather science, engineering, and mathematics.
------解决方案--------------------
OK啦！！
------解决方案--------------------
艺术的状态
国际大师级的零碎阿诺德思想家的国家研究在黑板上在他的面前。他才意识到他已经没有希望了,他不得不辞职比赛。他的对手,科技,成为第一个计算机程序在比赛中打败一个大师级下棋。
“我想去从波士顿到旧金山,“旅行者说对着麦克风说。“你会乘搭日期吗?”是答复。旅行者解释了她想去,在10月20日,直达票价的变化,最便宜的周日回来。一个语音理解名叫飞马程序处理整个交易,这将导致确认预订,节约旅客在普通教练894美元的费用。虽然获得一条语音的十句话的正确,就能够减缓从这些错误,因为它的理解是对话框的总和。
分析员作战使命的喷气推进实验室的房间突然开始支付的注意。一个红色的信息显示在屏幕上闪现的“异常”,是宇宙飞船,航行者号附近的某个地方海王星。幸运的是,分析师能纠正出现的问题在离地面。操作人员相信问题可能被忽略了如果没有奇迹,实时专家系统监控大量源源不断的飞船传送的数据,处理日常常规工作和报警分析师更严重的问题。