一：广播接收者--BroadcastReceiver
? 1：广播接收者（BroadcastReceiver）用于异步接收广播Intent，广播Intent的发送是通过调用Context.sendBroadcast()、Context.sendOrderedBroadcast()或者Context.sendStickyBroadcast()来实现的。通常一个广播Intent可以被订阅了此Intent的多个广播接收者所接收，广播接收者和JMS中的Topic消息接收者很相似。要实现一个广播接收者方法如下：
第一步：继承BroadcastReceiver，并重写onReceive()方法。
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { }}?第二种：在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里进行订阅:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/> </intent-filter></receiver>
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第二步：订阅感兴趣的广播Intent，订阅方法有两种：
????? 第一种：使用代码进行订阅
?????
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { }}?第二种：在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里进行订阅:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/> </intent-filter></receiver>
?并且要进行权限声明：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
2：广播被分为两种不同的类型：“普通广播（Normal broadcasts）”和“有序广播（Orderedcasts）”普通广播是完全异步的，可以在同一时刻逻辑上被所有接受者接收到，消息传递的效率比较高，但缺点是：接收者不能将处理结果传递给下一个接收者，并且无法终止广播intent的传播；然而有序广播是按照接收者声明的优先级别（声明在intent-filter元素的android:priority）属性中，数越大优先级别越高取值范围：-1000到1000.也可以调用IntentFilter对象的setPriority()进行设置，被接收者一次接收广播，如：A的级别高于B,B 的界别高于C，那么，光比先传递给A，在传递给B，最后传递给C。A得到广播后，可以往广播里面放入数据，当广播传递给B，B可以从光比重化工得到A存入的数据。
???? Contex.sendbroadcast():发送的是普通广播，所有的订阅者都有机会获得并进行处理。
???? Context.sendOrderBroadcast():发送的是有序光比，系统会根据接收者声明的优先级别按顺序逐个执行接收者，前面的接收者有权终止广播（BroadcastReceiver.abortBroadcast()）,如果广播被前面的接收者终止，后面的接收者就在也无法获取到广播，对于有序广播，前面的接收者可以将处理结果存进广播intent,然后传递给下一个接收者。
3：在Android中，程序的响应（Responsive）被活动管理器（Activity Manager）和窗口管理器（Window Manager）这两个系统服务所监听，所以broadcastReceiver里不能做一些比较耗时的操作，否则会弹出ANR(Application No Response)的对话框，如果需要完成一项比较耗时的工作，应该通过发送Intent给Service,由Service来完成，而不是使用子线程方法来解决，应为broadcastReciver的生命周期很短（在onReceive()执行后BroadcastReceiver的实例就会销毁），子线程可能还没有结束BroadcastReceiver就先结束了，如果broadcastReceiver结束了，它的宿主进程还在运行，那么子线程还会继续执行，但宿主进程此时横容易在系统需要内存是被优先杀死，因为它属于空进程（没有任何活动组件的进程）。
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //发送Intent启动服务，由服务来完成比较耗时的操作 Intent service = new Intent(context, XxxService.class); context.startService(service); //发送Intent启动Activity，由Activity来完成比较耗时的操作 Intent newIntent = new Intent(context, XxxActivity.class); context.startActivity(newIntent); }}每次广播消息到来时都会创建BroadcastReceiver实例并执行onReceive()方法
4：除了短信到来广播Intent，Android还有很多广播Intent，如：开机启动、电池电量变化、时间已经改变等广播Intent。
?? ?接收电池电量变化广播Intent ，在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里订阅此Intent:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"/> </intent-filter></receiver>
?接收开机启动广播Intent，在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里订阅此Intent:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/> </intent-filter></receiver>
?并且要进行权限声明：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
?
下面以一个例子讲解?BroadcastReceiver
一：手机端
1：SocketHttpRequester
package cn.itcast.utils;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.Socket;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLEncoder;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;public class SocketHttpRequester { /** * 发送xml数据 * @param path 请求地址 * @param xml xml数据 * @param encoding 编码 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] postXml(String path, String xml, String encoding) throws Exception{ byte[] data = xml.getBytes(encoding); URL url = new URL(path); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset="+ encoding); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length)); conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(data); outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){ return readStream(conn.getInputStream()); } return null; } /** * 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能: * <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name"> <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id"> <input type="file" name="imagefile"/> <input type="file" name="zip"/> </FORM> * @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试) * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值 * @param file 上传文件 */ public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception{ final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; //数据分隔线 final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n";//数据结束标志 int fileDataLength = 0; for(FormFile uploadFile : files){//得到文件类型数据的总长度 StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder(); fileExplain.append("--"); fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY); fileExplain.append("\r\n"); fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n"); fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n"); fileExplain.append("\r\n"); fileDataLength += fileExplain.length(); if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){ fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length(); }else{ fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length; } } StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {//构造文本类型参数的实体数据 textEntity.append("--"); textEntity.append(BOUNDARY); textEntity.append("\r\n"); textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""+ entry.getKey() + "\"\r\n\r\n"); textEntity.append(entry.getValue()); textEntity.append("\r\n"); } //计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度 int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length; URL url = new URL(path); int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort(); Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port); OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream(); //下面完成HTTP请求头的发送 String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1\r\n"; outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes()); String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*\r\n"; outStream.write(accept.getBytes()); String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN\r\n"; outStream.write(language.getBytes()); String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "\r\n"; outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes()); String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "\r\n"; outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes()); String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n"; outStream.write(alive.getBytes()); String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"\r\n"; outStream.write(host.getBytes()); //写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行 outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes()); //把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来 outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes()); //把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来 for(FormFile uploadFile : files){ StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder(); fileEntity.append("--"); fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY); fileEntity.append("\r\n"); fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n"); fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n"); outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes()); if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){ byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1){ outStream.write(buffer, 0, len); } uploadFile.getInStream().close(); }else{ outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length); } outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes()); } //下面发送数据结束标志，表示数据已经结束 outStream.write(endline.getBytes()); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); if(reader.readLine().indexOf("200")==-1){//读取web服务器返回的数据，判断请求码是否为200，如果不是200，代表请求失败 return false; } outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); reader.close(); socket.close(); return true; } /** * 提交数据到服务器 * @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试) * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值 * @param file 上传文件 */ public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception{ return post(path, params, new FormFile[]{file}); } /** * 提交数据到服务器 * @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试) * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值 * @param encode 编码 */ public static byte[] postFromHttpClient(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception{ List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();//用于存放请求参数 for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){ formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, encode); HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(path); httppost.setEntity(entity); HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();//看作是浏览器 HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);//发送post请求 return readStream(response.getEntity().getContent()); } /** * 发送请求 * @param path 请求路径 * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名称 value为参数值 * @param encode 请求参数的编码 */ public static byte[] post(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception{ //String params = "method=save&name="+ URLEncoder.encode("老毕", "UTF-8")+ "&age=28&";//需要发送的参数 StringBuilder parambuilder = new StringBuilder(""); if(params!=null && !params.isEmpty()){ for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){ parambuilder.append(entry.getKey()).append("=") .append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encode)).append("&"); } parambuilder.deleteCharAt(parambuilder.length()-1); } byte[] data = parambuilder.toString().getBytes(); URL url = new URL(path); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); conn.setDoOutput(true);//允许对外发送请求参数 conn.setUseCaches(false);//不进行缓存 conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //下面设置http请求头 conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*"); conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"); conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length)); conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); //发送参数 DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); outStream.write(data);//把参数发送出去 outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){ return readStream(conn.getInputStream()); } return null; } /** * 读取流 * @param inStream * @return 字节数组 * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] readStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception{ ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while( (len=inStream.read(buffer)) != -1){ outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len); } outSteam.close(); inStream.close(); return outSteam.toByteArray(); }}?
2：SMSBroadcastReceiver
package cn.itcast.sms;import java.sql.Date;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import cn.itcast.utils.SocketHttpRequester;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.telephony.SmsMessage;import android.util.Log;public class SMSBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { //在接受者这边获取短信相关信息，将相关信息发到服务器上进行 @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Object[] pduses = (Object[])intent.getExtras().get("pdus"); for(Object pdus : pduses){ byte[] pdusmessage = (byte[]) pdus;//没一条短信 SmsMessage sms = SmsMessage.createFromPdu(pdusmessage); String mobile = sms.getOriginatingAddress();//得到电话号码 String content = sms.getMessageBody();//得到短信的内容 Date date = new Date(sms.getTimestampMillis());//得到发送短信具体时间 //2009-10-12 12:21:23 SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//为实践设置格式 String sendtime = format.format(date); Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>(); params.put("method", "getSMS");//将与短信相关的内容全部都放到集合里 params.put("mobile", mobile); params.put("content", content); params.put("sendtime", sendtime); try {//利用socket向服务器发到的内容 SocketHttpRequester.post("http://192.168.1.100:8080/videoweb/video/manage.do", params, "UTF-8"); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("SMSBroadcastReceiver", e.toString()); } } }}?
二：服务器端
1：VideoManageAction
package cn.itcast.action;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;import cn.itcast.formbean.VideoForm;import cn.itcast.utils.StreamTool;public class VideoManageAction extends DispatchAction { public ActionForward getSMS(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { VideoForm formbean = (VideoForm)form; System.out.println("发送者："+ formbean.getMobile()); System.out.println("发送时间："+ formbean.getSendtime()); System.out.println("短信内容："+ formbean.getContent()); return mapping.findForward("result"); } }?三：AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> - <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="cn.itcast.sms" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0">- <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">- <receiver android:name=".SMSBroadcastReceiver">- <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" /> - <!-- 接收短信权限 --> - <!-- 访问网络的权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> </manifest>
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