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Android中的sp跟wp指针

热度:36   发布时间:2016-05-01 13:23:17.0
Android中的sp和wp指针

经常会在android的framework代码中发现sp<xxx>和wp<xxx>这样的指针,平时看的时候都把他当成一个普通的指针封装过掉了,这几天终于忍不住了,想深入了解一下。

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相关的代码:

frameworks/base/include/utils/RefBase.h

frameworks/base/libs/utils/RefBase.cpp

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sp和wp都是一个模板类,看一下sp类的定义:

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[cpp]?view plaincopy
  1. template?<typename?T>??
  2. class?sp??
  3. {??
  4. public:??
  5. ????typedef?typename?RefBase::weakref_type?weakref_type;??
  6. ????inline?sp()?:?m_ptr(0)?{?}??
  7. ????sp(T*?other);??
  8. ????sp(const?sp<T>&?other);??
  9. ????~sp();??
  10. ????......??
  11. private:??????
  12. ????//?Optimization?for?wp::promote().??
  13. ????sp(T*?p,?weakref_type*?refs);??
  14. ??????
  15. ????T*??????????????m_ptr;??
  16. };??

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可以看到他确实封转了一个原生指针T* m_ptr. 再看一下其中一个构造函数和析构函数:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. template<typename?T>??
  2. sp<T>::sp(T*?other)??
  3. ????:?m_ptr(other)??
  4. {??
  5. ????if?(other)?other->incStrong(this);??
  6. }??
  7. ??
  8. template<typename?T>??
  9. sp<T>::~sp()??
  10. {??
  11. ????if?(m_ptr)?m_ptr->decStrong(this);??
  12. }??

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咋一看好奇怪,因为在构造函数中调用了incStrong(),在析构函数中调用的decStrong(),显然是管理引用计数的函数,但是sp类的中并没有定义这两个函数,这两个函数是在RefBase类中定义的,由此可以得出结论:

要想使用sp<T>或者wp<T>, T必需要继承RefBase类才行

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RefBase的静态关系如下:

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?其中weakref_type是RefBase的内嵌类,weakref_impl则是weakref_type的子类,RefBase的大部分工作都是交由weakref_impl类来完成,通过RefBase的成员变量weakref_impl* const mRefs。查看其中一个sp的构造函数:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. template<typename?T>??
  2. sp<T>::sp(T*?other)??
  3. ????:?m_ptr(other)??
  4. {??
  5. ????if?(other)?other->incStrong(this);??
  6. }??

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建立sp<xxx>的动态关系如下:

sp<T>

? --> RefBase : incStrong()

? -->weakref_impl : addStrongRef()

? -->android_atomic_inc(&refs->mStrong)

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可见当一个普通指针变成一个sp指针后,将会由RefBase类维护该指针的引用计数,当引用为零时则自动释放该指针指向的内存:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. void?RefBase::decStrong(const?void*?id)?const??
  2. {??
  3. ????weakref_impl*?const?refs?=?mRefs;??
  4. ????refs->removeStrongRef(id);??
  5. ????const?int32_t?c?=?android_atomic_dec(&refs->mStrong);??
  6. ????if?(c?==?1)?{??
  7. ????????const_cast<RefBase*>(this)->onLastStrongRef(id);??
  8. ????????if?((refs->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK)?!=?OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK)?{??
  9. ????????????delete?this;????//引用为0,销毁??
  10. ????????}??
  11. ????}??
  12. ????refs->removeWeakRef(id);??
  13. ????refs->decWeak(id);??
  14. }??

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?wp<xxx>是怎么一回事?

wp其实是弱指针的意思,wp<T>类型不能直接对类型T进行操作,要想对T进行某种操作,必需把wp升级为sp指针,使用promote()来实现升级:

??????? wp<T> weakp= new T();

??????? sp<T> t = weakp.promote();

wp可能会在弱引用计数不为0的情况下被销毁,执行如下代码:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. class?WPTest?:?public?RefBase?{??
  2. public:??
  3. ????WPTest(){??
  4. ????????LOGD("WPTest?constructor");??
  5. ????}??
  6. ????virtual?~WPTest()?{??
  7. ????????LOGD("WPTest?destructor");??
  8. ????}??
  9. ??
  10. ????virtual?void?onFirstRef()?{??
  11. ????????LOGD("first?weak?ptr?ref?callback");??
  12. ????}??
  13. ??
  14. ????virtual?void?onLastStrongRef(const?void*?id)?{??
  15. ????????LOGD("last?strong?ptr?ref?callback");??
  16. ????}??
  17. ??
  18. ????virtual?void?onLastWeakRef(const?void*?id)?{??
  19. ????????LOGD("last?weak?ptr?ref?callback");??
  20. ????}??
  21. };??
  22. ??
  23. ??
  24. int?main()??
  25. {??
  26. ????WPTest?*T?=?new?WPTest();??
  27. ????{??
  28. ????????wp<WPTest>?weakp(T);??
  29. ??
  30. ????????{??
  31. ????????????LOGD("promote?to?strong?ptr.../n");??
  32. ??
  33. ????????????sp<WPTest>?strongp?=?weakp.promote();??
  34. ??
  35. ????????????LOGD("strong?ptr's?lifetime?is?just?about?to?finish?.../n");??
  36. ????????}??
  37. ??
  38. ????????LOGD("weak?ptr's?lifetime?is?just?about?to?finish?.../n");??
  39. ????}??
  40. ??
  41. ????LOGD("weak?ptr?is?out?of?scope./n");??
  42. ??
  43. ????return?0;??
  44. }??

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程序打印的结果是:

D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): WPTest constructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): promote to strong ptr...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): first weak ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): strong ptr's lifetime is just about to finish ...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): last strong ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): WPTest destructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): weak ptr's lifetime is just about to finish ...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 225): weak ptr is out of scope.

由此可见虽然wp<WPTest >的生命周期还没有结束,但是因为升级为sp<WPTest >后,sp<WPTest >的强引用计数为0,导致WPTest 被销毁,当强引用为0而弱引用不为0时,WPTest 销毁时,基类RefBase的mRefs指向的weakref_impl类并没有释放,从而保证了弱引用可以继续起作用,这点可以从RefBase的析构函数中看出来:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. RefBase::~RefBase()??
  2. {??
  3. //????LOGV("Destroying?RefBase?%p?(refs?%p)/n",?this,?mRefs);??
  4. ????if?(mRefs->mWeak?==?0)?{??
  5. //????????LOGV("Freeing?refs?%p?of?old?RefBase?%p/n",?mRefs,?this);??
  6. ????????delete?mRefs;??
  7. ????}??
  8. }??

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不过也可以改变这一行为,我们修改一下WPTest的构造函数:

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[c-sharp]?view plaincopy
  1. WPTest(){??
  2. ????????LOGD("WPTest?constructor");??
  3. ????????extendObjectLifetime(OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK);??
  4. ????}??

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这时的打印结果是:

D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): WPTest constructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): promote to strong ptr...
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): first weak ptr ref callbac
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): strong ptr's lifetime is j
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): last strong ptr ref callba
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): weak ptr's lifetime is j
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): last weak ptr ref callback
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): WPTest destructor
D/sp-wp-sample(? 217): weak ptr is out of scope.

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可以看出现在只有当强引用和弱引用的计数都为0时,WPTest对象才会被销毁。


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