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Android培训-Fragment间的通讯

热度:67   发布时间:2016-05-01 11:53:31.0
Android培训---Fragment间的通信

本文译自:http://developer.android.com/training/basics/fragments/communicating.html

为了重用Fragment的UI组件,你创建的每个Fragment都应该是自包含的、有它自己的布局和行为的模块化组件。一旦你定义了这些可重用的Fragment,你就可以把它们跟一个Activity关联,并把它们跟应用程序的逻辑相连来实现全部的组合式UI。

你会经常想要一个Fragment跟另一个Fragment进行通信,例如,要基于一个用户事件来改变内容。所有的Fragment间的通信都是通过跟关联的Activity来完成的。另个Fragment不应该直接通信。

定义接口

为了让Fragment跟它的Activity通信,你可以在Fragment类中定义一个接口,并在它所属的Activity中实现该接口。Fragment在它的onAttach()方法执行期间捕获该接口的实现,然后就可以调用接口方法,以便跟Activity通信。

以下是Fragment跟Activity通信的示例:

public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {

   OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

 

   // Container Activity must implement this interface

   public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {

       public void onArticleSelected(int position);

   }

 

   @Override

   public void onAttach(Activity activity) {

       super.onAttach(activity);

       

       // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented

       // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception

       try {

           mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;

       } catch (ClassCastException e) {

           throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()

                   + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");

       }

   }

   

   ...

}

现在,这个Fragment就可以通过调用OnHealdlineSelectedListener接口示例mCallback的onArticleSelected()方法(或其他的接口中的方法)给Activity发送消息。

例如,在Fragment中的下列方法会用户点击列表项时被调用。该Fragment使用回调接口把该事件发送给它的父Activity。

   @Override

   public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {

       // Send the event to the host activity

       mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);

}

实现接口

为了从Fragment中接收事件回调,它的父Activity必须实现Fragment类中定义的接口。

例如,下面Activity实现了上面示例中定义的接口:

public static class MainActivity extends Activity

       implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{

   ...

   

   public void onArticleSelected(int position) {

       // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment

       // Do something here to display that article

   }

}

 

把消息发送给一个Fragment

通过使用findFragmentById()方法捕获Fragment实例,父Activity可以把消息发送给该Fragment,然后直接调用该Fragment的公共方法。

例如,假设上面显示的那个Activity包含了另外的用于显示上面回调方法中返回的特定项目数据的Fragment。这种情况下,该Activity可以把回调方法中接收到信息传递给显示该项目的Fragment:

publicstaticclassMainActivityextendsActivity
        implementsHeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
    ...
 
    publicvoid onArticleSelected(int position){
        // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
        // Do something here to display that article
 
        ArticleFragment articleFrag =(ArticleFragment)
                getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);
 
        if(articleFrag !=null){
            // If article frag is available, we're in two-pane layout...
 
            // Call a method in the ArticleFragment to update its content
            articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);
        }else{
            // Otherwise, we're in the one-pane layout and must swap frags...
 
            // Create fragment and give it an argument for the selected article
            ArticleFragment newFragment =newArticleFragment();
            Bundle args =newBundle();
            args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
            newFragment.setArguments(args);
        
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
 
            // Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
            // and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
            transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
 
            // Commit the transaction
            transaction.commit();
        }
    }
}

 

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