Android常用控件之Toast与AlertDialog的常规用法跟自定义用法

概述

1、Toast： a、用来显示信息 ；b、没有焦点，显示时间有限；c、不会打断用户当前的操作
常用方法： show():用于显示信息。
setGravity(): #param：int gravity，int xOffset，int yOffset；用于设置信息的显示的位置。
setText():用于显示信息的文本,可以传入Spanner类的内容。
setView():用于设置信息的布局。
Dialog： 常用的又AlertDialog，继承于Dialog。

知识内容

Toast

Toast有常规用法和自定义用法，所谓自定义用法，就是用setView()方法给Toast的信息提示提供一个自定义布局，达到特殊的目的。
java部分用两个按键的分别测试Toast的富文本用法和自定义用法

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {    private Button toastButton;    private Button toastButton2;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        toastButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.toast_btn);        toastButton.setOnClickListener(this);        toastButton2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.toast_btn2);        toastButton2.setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()) {            case R.id.toast_btn:                //Toast的setText可以传入一个富文本                Toast toast;                toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "我是你Toast爸爸", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);                Spanned spanned = Html.fromHtml("我是<font color='#55ff0000'>toast</font><img src=''>", new Html.ImageGetter() {                    @Override                    public Drawable getDrawable(String source) {                        Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);                        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());                        return null;                    }                }, null);                toast.setText(spanned);                toast.setGravity(Gravity.LEFT | Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0);                toast.show();            case R.id.toast_btn2:                //自定义Toast即是给Toast设置一个自定义布局以显示信息                Toast toast2 = new Toast(getApplicationContext());                LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();                View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.toast_view, null);                TextView textView_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.content_text);                textView_content.setText("我是内容");                toast2.setView(view);                toast2.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_LONG);                toast2.show();                break;            default:                break;        }    }}

布局文件activity_main

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"                android:layout_width="match_parent"                android:layout_height="match_parent"                android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"                android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"                android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"                android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"                tools:context=".MainActivity">    <Button        android:id="@+id/toast_btn"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="测试Toast"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/toast_btn2"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_below="@+id/toast_btn"        android:text="测试自定义Toast"/></RelativeLayout>

Toast用于显示信息的自定义布局toast_view

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"              android:layout_width="match_parent"              android:layout_height="match_parent"              android:gravity="center_horizontal"              android:orientation="vertical">    <TextView        android:id="@+id/title_text"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="我是标题"/>    <ImageView        android:id="@+id/image"        android:layout_width="100dp"        android:layout_height="100dp"        android:src="@drawable/abc_btn_rating_star_off_mtrl_alpha"/>    <TextView        android:id="@+id/content_text"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="我是内容"/></LinearLayout>

结果演示：

AlertDialog

AlertDialog可以有多种形式：带有信息的简单对话框、可选择的对话框、单选对话框、多选对话框等
java部分，用四哥按钮来测试四种对话框

public class DialogActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {    private Button dialogButton;    private Button dialogButton2;    private Button dialogButton3;    private Button dialogButton4;    private String[] mSexs = {"男","女","其他"};    private String[] mData = {"第一个数据","第二个数据","第三个数据","第四个数据","第五个数据"};    private String[] mHobbys = {"篮球","乒乓球","游泳","跑步","健身"};    private boolean[] mCheckedManager;//用于存储checkbox的是否被选中的状态    private StringBuffer hobby;    private String sex;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.layout_dialog);        dialogButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_dialog);        dialogButton.setOnClickListener(this);        dialogButton2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2_dialog);        dialogButton2.setOnClickListener(this);        dialogButton3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button3_dialog);        dialogButton3.setOnClickListener(this);        dialogButton4 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button4_dialog);        dialogButton4.setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        switch (v.getId()){            case R.id.button_dialog:               simpleDialog();                break;            case R.id.button2_dialog:                selectedDialog();                break;            case R.id.button3_dialog:                singleDialog();                break;            case R.id.button4_dialog:                mutiSelectedDialog();            default:                break;        }    }    //建议对话框    public void simpleDialog(){        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(DialogActivity.this);        builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher).setTitle("我是标题").setMessage("我是内容")                .setNegativeButton("NegativeButton", new OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "选中NegativeButton", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                }).setNeutralButton("NeutralButton", new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "选中NeutralButton", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        }).setPositiveButton("PositiveButton", new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "选中PositiveButton", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();        dialog.show();    }    //可选对话框    public void selectedDialog(){        AlertDialog.Builder builder2 = new AlertDialog.Builder(DialogActivity.this);        builder2.setTitle("多选型Dialog");        builder2.setItems(mData, new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "选中了第" + which + "个", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        AlertDialog dialog1 = builder2.create();        dialog1.show();    }    //单选对话框    public void singleDialog(){        sex = mSexs[0];        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(DialogActivity.this);        builder.setTitle("单选Dialog");        builder.setSingleChoiceItems(mSexs, 0, new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                sex = mSexs[which];                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "选中的性别是" + sex, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        builder.setNeutralButton("确定", new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                dialogButton3.setText("您选中的性别是" + sex);            }        });        builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {            }        });        builder.show();//builder.show()也可以直接显示对话框    }    //多选对话框    public void mutiSelectedDialog(){        mCheckedManager = new boolean[mHobbys.length];        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(DialogActivity.this);        builder.setTitle("[title]请选中您爱好的运动");        builder.setMultiChoiceItems(mHobbys, mCheckedManager, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {                mCheckedManager[which] = isChecked;            }        });        builder.setNeutralButton("确定", new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                hobby = new StringBuffer();                for (int i = 0; i < mHobbys.length; i++) {                    if (mCheckedManager[i]) {                        hobby.append(mHobbys[i]);                    }                }                dialogButton4.setText("您的爱好是："+hobby);            }        });        builder.show();    }}

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"              android:orientation="vertical"              android:layout_width="match_parent"              android:layout_height="match_parent">    <Button        android:id="@+id/button_dialog"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="弹出一个最简单的dialog"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/button2_dialog"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="显示选择的Dialog"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/button3_dialog"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="显示单选Dialog"/>    <Button        android:id="@+id/button4_dialog"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="显示多选Dialog"/></LinearLayout>

结果演示：
简单对话框的演示：

可选择对话框的演示：

单选对话框的演示：

多选对话框的演示：