这篇博客为大家介绍Android自定义相机，并且实现倒计时拍照功能
首先自定义拍照会用到SurfaceView控件显示照片的预览区域，以下是布局文件：
两个TextView是用来显示提示信息和倒计时的秒数的
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#266194" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".TestActivity" > <SurfaceView android:id="@+id/surfaceView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_centerInParent="true" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="请调整位置到此区域" android:textColor="#ff0000" android:textSize="32sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_time" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingTop="10dp" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:textColor="#266194" android:textSize="32sp" /> </LinearLayout></RelativeLayout>接下来是mainActivity中的具体实现以及详细注释：
package com.dhsr.pujiejia.ui;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.res.Configuration;import android.graphics.Bitmap;import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;import android.graphics.PixelFormat;import android.hardware.Camera;import android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Environment;import android.os.Handler;import android.view.SurfaceHolder;import android.view.SurfaceView;import android.view.Window;import android.view.WindowManager;import android.widget.TextView;import com.example.pujiejiaapp.R;@SuppressLint({ "NewApi", "SdCardPath" })public class CameraActivity extends Activity implements Runnable { // 预览图片范围 private SurfaceView surfaceView; private TextView tv_time; // 倒计时拍摄 private int cameratime = 4; private Camera camera; private boolean preview = false; // 文件名字 private String filename; // 文件名字的带的时间戳 private String timeString; // 格式化时间 private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat; // 日期对象 private Date date; // 控制线程 boolean stopThread = false; private File file; String photo; private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { int what = msg.what; switch (what) { case 222: tv_time.setText("" + cameratime); if ("0".equals(tv_time.getText().toString())) { tv_time.setText("拍摄成功！"); takePhoto(); } break; } }; }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_test); CameraActivity.this.setFinishOnTouchOutside(false); // 初始化数据 findView(); surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(new SufaceListener()); /* 下面设置Surface不维护自己的缓冲区，而是等待屏幕的渲染引擎将内容推送到用户面前 */ surfaceView.getHolder() .setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); surfaceView.getHolder().setFixedSize(200, 200); // 设置分辨率 } @Override protected void onStart() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onStart(); // 开启线程 new Thread(this).start(); } private final class SufaceListener implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { /** * surface改变 */ @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { } /** * surface创建 */ @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { try { for (int i = 0; i < Camera.getNumberOfCameras(); i++) { CameraInfo info = new CameraInfo(); Camera.getCameraInfo(i, info); // 调用系统的前置摄像头 if (info.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) { camera = Camera.open(i); } } Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters(); /* 每秒从摄像头捕获5帧画面， */ parameters.setPreviewFrameRate(5); /* 设置照片的输出格式:jpg */ parameters.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); /* 照片质量 */ parameters.set("jpeg-quality", 85); WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); camera.setParameters(parameters); camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());// 通过SurfaceView显示取景画面 camera.startPreview(); preview = true; } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * surface销毁 */ @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { if (camera != null) { if (preview) camera.stopPreview(); camera.release(); camera = null; } } } /** * 拍摄照片 */ private void takePhoto() { // 执行拍照效果 camera.takePicture(null, null, new Camera.PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { try { Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); timeString = formatDate(); //保存到data/data目录自定义文件夹下 filename = "/data/data/com.example.pujiejiaapp/images/" + timeString + ".jpg"; File file = new File(filename); boolean createNewFile = file.createNewFile() System.out.println("创建文件夹成功没有" + createNewFile); System.out.println(file); FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(file); bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 60, outStream); outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); // 重新浏览 camera.stopPreview(); camera.startPreview(); preview = true; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { } } }); } @Override public void run() { while (!stopThread) { try { //按秒数倒计时 Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } cameratime--; mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(222); if (cameratime <= 0) { break; } } } // 初始化数据 private void findView() { surfaceView = (SurfaceView) this.findViewById(R.id.surfaceView); tv_time = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_time); } // 格式化系统的时间 public String formatDate() { date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); // 日期格式 dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("'IMG'_yyyyMMddHHmmss"); return dateFormat.format(date); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // 线程已关闭 super.onDestroy(); stopThread = true; }}核心代码详解：
1.创建SurfaceView时，surfaceCreated()方法中
for (int i = 0; i < Camera.getNumberOfCameras(); i++) {
CameraInfo info = new CameraInfo();
Camera.getCameraInfo(i, info);
// 调用系统的前置摄像头
if (info.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
camera = Camera.open(i);
}
}
此部分代码为打开相机时默认打开前置摄像头CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK为默认打开后置摄像头，CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT前置摄像头
2.照片拍摄takePhoto()方法中：
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0,
data.length);
timeString = formatDate();
filename = "/data/data/com.example.pujiejiaapp/images/"
+ timeString + ".jpg";
photo = timeString + ".jpg";
File file = new File(filename);
boolean createNewFile = file.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 60, outStream);
此部分代码为将拍摄到的图片保存为以bitmap格式保存在指定的目录下
3.开子线程用于倒计时拍摄
public void run() {
while (!stopThread) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
cameratime--;
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(222);
if (cameratime <= 0) {
break;
}
}
}
希望大家理解核心代码的详细注释，欢迎提供意见，希望能给大家带来帮助，谢谢！