nginx规则详解(网下）

正则表达式匹配，其中：
* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配，其中：
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
结合QeePHP的例子
if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
set $sub_name $1;???
rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
目录自动加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$?http://$host/$1$2/?permanent;
}
禁止htaccess
location ~/\.ht {
???????? deny all;
???? }
禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
???????? deny all;
break;
???? }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data {
???????? deny all;
???? }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ {
???????? deny all;
???? }
禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
???????? deny all;
???? }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
???????????????? log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
???? }
???? location ~(robots.txt) {
???????????????? log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
???? }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
???????????????? access_log?? off;
???????????????? root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
?????? }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/?http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
??? rewrite ^/?http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
??? return 412;
??? break;
}
???????????????? access_log?? off;
???????????????? root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
???? }
只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
root? /opt/htdocs/www;
allow?? 208.97.167.194;
allow?? 222.33.1.2;
allow?? 231.152.49.4;
deny??? all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$?http://$host/$1$2/?permanent;
}
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass?http://127.0.0.1;
}
域名跳转
server
???? {
???????????? listen?????? 80;
???????????? server_name? jump.c1gstudio.com;
???????????? index index.html index.htm index.php;
???????????? root? /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
???????????? rewrite ^/?http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
???????????? access_log? off;
???? }
多域名转向
server_name??www.c1gstudio.comwww.c1gstudio.net;
???????????? index index.html index.htm index.php;
???????????? root? /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*)?http://www.c1gstudio.com$1?permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*)?http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
break;
}
域名镜向
server
???? {
???????????? listen?????? 80;
???????????? server_name? mirror.c1gstudio.com;
???????????? index index.html index.htm index.php;
???????????? root? /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
???????????? rewrite ^/(.*)?http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1?last;
???????????? access_log? off;
???? }
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
? rewrite ^.+?http://zph.c1gstudio.com/?last;
? break;
???? }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
server_name? bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
???? location = / {
??????? if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
? rewrite ^.+?http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html?last;
? break;
}
???? }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ^~ /ucenter {
???? location ~ .*\.php?$
???? {
? #fastcgi_pass? unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
? fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
? fastcgi_index index.php;
? include fcgi.conf;?????
???? }
???? location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log?? off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
??? error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
??? error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
??? error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
???? }
?????????????????????? }
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$
???????????? {
????????????????? #fastcgi_pass? unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
????????????????? fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
????????????????? fastcgi_index index.php;
????????????????? include fcgi.conf;?????
???????????? }
???????????? location ~* ^/index.php/
???????????? {
??? rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
????????????????? fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
????????????????? fastcgi_index index.php;
????????????????? include fcgi.conf;
???????????? }