使用Ext可以说最多的就是Grid了,它可以方便的展示列表数据并能够对数据分页和排序。
下面从最简单Grid例子开始――《Basic Array Grid》。
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上截图和代码(这个例子也可以在Ext官方的例程列表中找到)
/*! * Ext JS Library 3.2.1 * Copyright(c) 2006-2010 Ext JS, Inc. * licensing@extjs.com * http://www.extjs.com/license */ Ext.onReady(function(){ // NOTE: This is an example showing simple state management. During development, // it is generally best to disable state management as dynamically-generated ids // can change across page loads, leading to unpredictable results. The developer // should ensure that stable state ids are set for stateful components in real apps. Ext.state.Manager.setProvider(new Ext.state.CookieProvider()); // sample static data for the store var myData = [ ['3m Co',71.72,0.02,0.03,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Alcoa Inc',29.01,0.42,1.47,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Altria Group Inc',83.81,0.28,0.34,'9/1 12:00am'], ['American Express Company',52.55,0.01,0.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['American International Group, Inc.',64.13,0.31,0.49,'9/1 12:00am'], ['AT&T Inc.',31.61,-0.48,-1.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Boeing Co.',75.43,0.53,0.71,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Caterpillar Inc.',67.27,0.92,1.39,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Citigroup, Inc.',49.37,0.02,0.04,'9/1 12:00am'], ['E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company',40.48,0.51,1.28,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Exxon Mobil Corp',68.1,-0.43,-0.64,'9/1 12:00am'], ['General Electric Company',34.14,-0.08,-0.23,'9/1 12:00am'], ['General Motors Corporation',30.27,1.09,3.74,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Hewlett-Packard Co.',36.53,-0.03,-0.08,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Honeywell Intl Inc',38.77,0.05,0.13,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Intel Corporation',19.88,0.31,1.58,'9/1 12:00am'], ['International Business Machines',81.41,0.44,0.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Johnson & Johnson',64.72,0.06,0.09,'9/1 12:00am'], ['JP Morgan & Chase & Co',45.73,0.07,0.15,'9/1 12:00am'], ['McDonald\'s Corporation',36.76,0.86,2.40,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Merck & Co., Inc.',40.96,0.41,1.01,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Microsoft Corporation',25.84,0.14,0.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Pfizer Inc',27.96,0.4,1.45,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Coca-Cola Company',45.07,0.26,0.58,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Home Depot, Inc.',34.64,0.35,1.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Procter & Gamble Company',61.91,0.01,0.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['United Technologies Corporation',63.26,0.55,0.88,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Verizon Communications',35.57,0.39,1.11,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.',45.45,0.73,1.63,'9/1 12:00am'] ]; /** * Custom function used for column renderer * @param {Object} val */ function change(val){ if(val > 0){ return '<span style="color:green;">' + val + '</span>'; }else if(val < 0){ return '<span style="color:red;">' + val + '</span>'; } return val; } /** * Custom function used for column renderer * @param {Object} val */ function pctChange(val){ if(val > 0){ return '<span style="color:green;">' + val + '%</span>'; }else if(val < 0){ return '<span style="color:red;">' + val + '%</span>'; } return val; } // create the data store var store = new Ext.data.ArrayStore({ fields: [ {name: 'company'}, {name: 'price', type: 'float'}, {name: 'change', type: 'float'}, {name: 'pctChange', type: 'float'}, {name: 'lastChange', type: 'date', dateFormat: 'n/j h:ia'} ] }); // manually load local data store.loadData(myData); // create the Grid var grid = new Ext.grid.GridPanel({ store: store, columns: [ {id:'company',header: 'Company', width: 160, sortable: true, dataIndex: 'company'}, {header: 'Price', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: 'usMoney', dataIndex: 'price'}, {header: 'Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: change, dataIndex: 'change'}, {header: '% Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: pctChange, dataIndex: 'pctChange'}, {header: 'Last Updated', width: 85, sortable: true, renderer: Ext.util.Format.dateRenderer('m/d/Y'), dataIndex: 'lastChange'} ], stripeRows: true, autoExpandColumn: 'company', height: 350, width: 600, title: 'Array Grid', // config options for stateful behavior stateful: true, stateId: 'grid' }); // render the grid to the specified div in the page grid.render('grid-example'); });
Grid中有两个非常重要的属性,store和columns。store定义Grid需要展示的数据,columns定义Grid如何展示数据。在这个例子中主要也就是说说这两个属性如何设置。
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store(仓库),没错它就是数据仓库(不是那个数据仓库@o@)。在这个例子中给store属性赋的是Ext.data.ArrayStore的实例,实际上看看Ext的API就会知道有很多种store(ArrayStore, DirectStore, GroupingStore, JsonStore, XmlStore),其实在我开发的过程中最常用的是JsonStore,也就是根据后台回传的Json来组织数据仓库,后面应该还会说到。在本例中就直说ArrayStore的事,ArrayStore看名字得知这个根据数组组织store的。
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例子中给了数组的定义,如下:
// sample static data for the store var myData = [ ['3m Co',71.72,0.02,0.03,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Alcoa Inc',29.01,0.42,1.47,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Altria Group Inc',83.81,0.28,0.34,'9/1 12:00am'], ['American Express Company',52.55,0.01,0.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['American International Group, Inc.',64.13,0.31,0.49,'9/1 12:00am'], ['AT&T Inc.',31.61,-0.48,-1.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Boeing Co.',75.43,0.53,0.71,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Caterpillar Inc.',67.27,0.92,1.39,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Citigroup, Inc.',49.37,0.02,0.04,'9/1 12:00am'], ['E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company',40.48,0.51,1.28,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Exxon Mobil Corp',68.1,-0.43,-0.64,'9/1 12:00am'], ['General Electric Company',34.14,-0.08,-0.23,'9/1 12:00am'], ['General Motors Corporation',30.27,1.09,3.74,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Hewlett-Packard Co.',36.53,-0.03,-0.08,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Honeywell Intl Inc',38.77,0.05,0.13,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Intel Corporation',19.88,0.31,1.58,'9/1 12:00am'], ['International Business Machines',81.41,0.44,0.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Johnson & Johnson',64.72,0.06,0.09,'9/1 12:00am'], ['JP Morgan & Chase & Co',45.73,0.07,0.15,'9/1 12:00am'], ['McDonald\'s Corporation',36.76,0.86,2.40,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Merck & Co., Inc.',40.96,0.41,1.01,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Microsoft Corporation',25.84,0.14,0.54,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Pfizer Inc',27.96,0.4,1.45,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Coca-Cola Company',45.07,0.26,0.58,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Home Depot, Inc.',34.64,0.35,1.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['The Procter & Gamble Company',61.91,0.01,0.02,'9/1 12:00am'], ['United Technologies Corporation',63.26,0.55,0.88,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Verizon Communications',35.57,0.39,1.11,'9/1 12:00am'], ['Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.',45.45,0.73,1.63,'9/1 12:00am'] ];
实际上这是一个二维数组,每一个第二维的子数组都是一条记录的定义,每条记录中有5个字段,整个数组是由这样的多个子数组组成。在定义ArrayStore实例时还给出了fields的定义。
// create the data store var store = new Ext.data.ArrayStore({ fields: [ {name: 'company'}, {name: 'price', type: 'float'}, {name: 'change', type: 'float'}, {name: 'pctChange', type: 'float'}, {name: 'lastChange', type: 'date', dateFormat: 'n/j h:ia'} ] }); // manually load local data store.loadData(myData);
在fields中按照子数组的顺序定义了五个字段,并分别起好了名字,还定义了字段的数据类型,默认是字符串类型的,所以company没有单独声明数据类型。在store中还定义了许多属性和方法,会在后面的例子中慢慢说到。
在定义了store中,例子中还调用了loadData方法,将数据加载到仓库中。其实也可以在定义store时就将data定义好,后面就不用在写loadData了,如:
// create the data store var store = new Ext.data.ArrayStore({ fields: [ {name: 'company'}, {name: 'price', type: 'float'}, {name: 'change', type: 'float'}, {name: 'pctChange', type: 'float'}, {name: 'lastChange', type: 'date', dateFormat: 'n/j h:ia'} ], data: myData });
columns(列),定义Grid显示的列。
columns: [ {id:'company',header: 'Company', width: 160, sortable: true, dataIndex: 'company'}, {header: 'Price', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: 'usMoney', dataIndex: 'price'}, {header: 'Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: change, dataIndex: 'change'}, {header: '% Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: pctChange, dataIndex: 'pctChange'}, {header: 'Last Updated', width: 85, sortable: true, renderer: Ext.util.Format.dateRenderer('m/d/Y'), dataIndex: 'lastChange'} ],
在这个例子中是这样定义columns属性的,其实也可以像定义store一样来定义columns,先声明一个变量再赋值给columns,如:
var cols = [ {id:'company',header: 'Company', width: 160, sortable: true, dataIndex: 'company'}, {header: 'Price', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: 'usMoney', dataIndex: 'price'}, {header: 'Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: change, dataIndex: 'change'}, {header: '% Change', width: 75, sortable: true, renderer: pctChange, dataIndex: 'pctChange'}, {header: 'Last Updated', width: 85, sortable: true, renderer: Ext.util.Format.dateRenderer('m/d/Y'), dataIndex: 'lastChange'} ]; // create the Grid var grid = new Ext.grid.GridPanel({ store: store, columns: cols, ………… });
这里cols对应该数组Ext实际将其解析为Ext.grid.Column的对象,id定义当前字段是记录的标识,header定义表头显示的名字,width定义列宽,sortable定义是否允许以给列排序,dataIndex定义该列显示store中哪个字段,renderer定义显示该列要添加的格式。
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renderer显示的格式,Ext在Ext.util.Format中已经定义不少格式化的方法,在本例中使用了usMoney(美元)和dateRenderer(日期),除了已经定义好的,开发人员也可以自定义格式,如change和pctChange。
/** * Custom function used for column renderer * @param {Object} val */ function change(val){ if(val > 0){ return '<span style="color:green;">' + val + '</span>'; }else if(val < 0){ return '<span style="color:red;">' + val + '</span>'; } return val; } /** * Custom function used for column renderer * @param {Object} val */ function pctChange(val){ if(val > 0){ return '<span style="color:green;">' + val + '%</span>'; }else if(val < 0){ return '<span style="color:red;">' + val + '%</span>'; } return val; }
格式化方法接收一个参数,那就是要格式化的值,返回一个结果是格式化后的值。
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在Grid的定义中还有:
autoExpandColumn: 'company',
这句话定义了列'company'是自动扩展列,会根据内容自动扩展给列的宽度
title: 'Array Grid',
定义整个列表的标题,如果不写该行,则列表(Grid)不显示标题。
height: 350, width: 600,
定义Grid的高度和宽度
stateful: true, stateId: 'grid'
当stateful为真时,保存当前列表的状态,如按照哪列排序、列宽、列的先后位置;stateId指明了保存状态的ID,若不指定该属性则无法保存列表状态。
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例子的最后一行
grid.render('grid-example');
让表格显示在id为“grid-example”的div中。
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本例打完收工。