今天照着struts2权威指南--基于webwork核心的mvc开发做一个简单的例子时，部署好项目启动tomcat时报以下错误：
2010-12-1 14:19:55 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
信息: Parsing configuration file [struts-default.xml]
2010-12-1 14:19:55 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger error
严重: Dispatcher initialization failed
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%205.5/webapps/HelloWorld/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:221)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:302)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:78)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3666)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4258)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:760)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:740)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:544)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:927)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:890)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1150)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:120)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1022)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:448)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:700)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:552)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:433)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%205.5/webapps/HelloWorld/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:169)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2389)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1836)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211)
... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1386)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1232)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320)
... 37 more
2010-12-1 14:19:56 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%205.5/webapps/HelloWorld/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:431)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:221)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:302)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:78)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3666)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4258)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:760)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:740)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:544)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:927)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:890)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1150)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:120)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1022)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:448)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:700)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:552)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:433)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%205.5/webapps/HelloWorld/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
... 28 more
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest - bean - jar:file:/E:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%205.5/webapps/HelloWorld/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:169)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2389)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1836)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211)
... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1386)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1232)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320)
... 37 more
2010-12-1 14:19:56 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
查资料说加上common-fileupload包就可以了，但是我加上后又报freemarker的错，从字面知道是需要freemarker包，加上后clean工程，然后重新启动tomcat成功
我的异常网推荐解决方案：com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register,http://www.myexception.cn/j2ee/307924.html