1。只导struts2-core-2.1.8.jar
启动tomcat，异常如下：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/opensymphony/xwork2/ActionContext at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.cleanup(InitOperations.java:109) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:60) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3800) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4450) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:526) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:987) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:909) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:495) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1206) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:314) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:722) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:583) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1387) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1233) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320)
2.只导struts2-core-2.1.8.jar和xwork-core-2.1.6.jar
启动tomcat，异常如下：
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3800) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4450) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:526) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:987) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:909) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:495) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1206) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:314) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:722) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:583) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413) Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:221) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:169) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55) ... 31 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2389) at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1836) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211) ... 34 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1387) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1233) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320) ... 38 more 2012-10-28 15:50:28 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart 严重: Exception starting filter struts2Control Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:431) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3800) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4450) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:526) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:987) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:909) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:495) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1206) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:314) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:722) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:583) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413) Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418) ... 29 more Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:221) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:169) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55) ... 31 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2389) at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1836) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211) ... 34 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.fileupload.RequestContext at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1387) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1233) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320) ... 38 more
3.再添加commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
启动tomcat，异常如下：
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/F:/tomcat/webapps/DangDangExec/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:53:89 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
4.再添加freemarker-2.3.15.jar
启动tomcat，无异常！
综上：
struts2需要以上4个架包：
struts2-core-2.1.8.jar
xwork-core-2.1.6.jar
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
freemarker-2.3.15.jar
我的异常网推荐解决方案：com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register,http://www.myexception.cn/j2ee/307924.html