SQL查询练习题(oracle)
博客分类: Oracle数据库
SQL练习题
作者:赵磊
博客:http://elf8848.iteye.com
------------------------------------ 练习题 一 删除重复记录 ---------------------------------------
前提说明:
distinct 只能在查询时过滤,不能完成本题要的删除功能。 例如 select distinct * from t6
表的结构:
Sql代码
create table t6(
bm char(4),
mc varchar2(20)
)
表中的数据:
Sql代码
insert into t6 values(1,'aaaa');
insert into t6 values(1,'aaaa');
insert into t6 values(2,'bbbb');
insert into t6 values(2,'bbbb');
要求:
删除重复记录
答案:
方法一,好理解:
Sql代码
delete from t6 where rowid not in (
select max(t6.rowid) from t6 group by
t6.bm,t6.mc);
--这里用min(rowid)也可以。
方法二,比前面的复杂一点:
Sql代码
delete from t6 a where a.rowid!= (
select max(rowid) from t6 b where a.bm=b.bm and a.mc=b.mc
)
-------------------------------------- 练习题 二 一个查询的练习 ------------------------------------
表的结构:
表1:book表,字段有id(主键),name (书名);
表2:bookEnrol表(图书借出归还登记),字段有id,bookId(外键),dependDate(变更时间),state(1.借出 2.归还)。
创建表的DDL:
Sql代码
create table book(
id int ,
name varchar2(30),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
create table bookEnrol(
id int,
bookId int,
dependDate date,
state int,
FOREIGN KEY (bookId) REFERENCES book(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
)
表中的数据:
book表:
id name
1 English
2 Math
3 JAVA
bookEnrol表:
id bookId dependDate state
1 1 2009-01-02 1
2 1 2009-01-12 2
3 2 2009-01-14 1
4 1 2009-01-17 1
5 2 2009-02-14 2
6 2 2009-02-15 1
7 3 2009-02-18 1
8 3 2009-02-19 2
插入数据的SQL语句:
Sql代码
insert into book values(1,'English');
insert into book values(2,'Math');
insert into book values(3,'JAVA');
insert into bookEnrol values(1,1,to_date('2009-01-02','yyyy-mm-dd'),1)
insert into bookEnrol values(2,1,to_date('2009-01-12','yyyy-mm-dd'),2);
insert into bookEnrol values(3,2,to_date('2009-01-14','yyyy-mm-dd'),1);
insert into bookEnrol values(4,1,to_date('2009-01-17','yyyy-mm-dd'),1);
insert into bookEnrol values(5,2,to_date('2009-02-14','yyyy-mm-dd'),2);
insert into bookEnrol values(6,2,to_date('2009-02-15','yyyy-mm-dd'),1);
insert into bookEnrol values(7,3,to_date('2009-02-18','yyyy-mm-dd'),1);
insert into bookEnrol values(8,3,to_date('2009-02-19','yyyy-mm-dd'),2);
要求查询出: 不要使用存储过程
第二个表(bookEnrol)是用来登记的,不管你是借还是还,都要添加一条记录。
请写一个SQL语句,获取到现在状态为已借出的所有图书的相关信息,
ID为3的java书,由于以归还,所以不要查出来。
要求查询结果应为:(被借出的书和被借出的日期)
Id Name dependDate
1 English 2009-01-17
2 Math 2009-02-15
答案:
Sql代码
select a.id,a.name,b.dependdate from book a,bookenrol b where
a.id=b.bookid
and
b.dependdate in(select max(dependdate) from bookenrol group by bookid )
and b.state=1
如果大家有更好的方法,可以发出来交流一下。
下面是群友发出来的答案:
副主任的答案
Sql代码
select a.bid, bo.name, a.adate
from (select t.bookid bid, t.state, count(*) acou, max(t.dependdate) adate
from bookenrol t
group by t.bookid, t.state
having t.state = 1) a,
(select t.bookid bid, t.state, count(*) bcou, max(t.dependdate) bdate
from bookenrol t
group by t.bookid, t.state
having t.state = 2) b,
book bo
where a.bid = b.bid(+)
and bo.id = a.bid
and a.acou <> nvl(b.bcou,0);
副主任小师姝的答案
Sql代码
select k.id,k.name,a.dependdate
from bookenrol a, BOOK k
where a.id in (select max(b.id) from bookenrol b group by b.bookid)
and a.state = 1
and a.bookid = k.id;
小米的答案
Sql代码
select a.id,a.name,b.dependdate from book a, bookenrol b,(select max(dependdate) dependdate
from bookenrol group by bookid) c where a.id(+) =b.bookid and b.dependdate(+)=c.dependdate and b.state=1;
----------------------------------------- 练习题 三 一个查询的练习 --------------------------------------
表的结构与数据:
表一:各种产品年销售量统计表 sale
年 产品 销量
2005 a 700
2005 b 550
2005 c 600
2006 a 340
2006 b 500
2007 a 220
2007 b 350
Sql代码
create table t2 (
year_ varchar2(4),
product varchar2(4),
sale number
)
insert into t2 values('2005','a',700);
insert into t2 values('2005','b',550);
insert into t2 values('2005','c',600);
insert into t2 values('2006','a',340);
insert into t2 values('2006','b',500);
insert into t2 values('2007','a',220);
insert into t2 values('2007','b',350);
Sql代码
insert into t2 values('2007','c',350);
要求查询出:
要求得到的结果应为:
年 产品 销量
2005 a 700
2006 b 500
2007 b 350
即:每年销量最多的产品的相关信息。
答案:
Sql代码
我的:
select * from t2 a inner join(
select year_,max(sale) as sl from t2 group by year_) b
on a.year_=b.year_ and a.sale=b.sl
副主任的:
select sa.year_, sa.product, sa.sale
from t2 sa,
(select t.year_ pye, max(t.sale) maxcout
from t2 t
group by t.year_) tmp
where sa.year_ = tmp.pye
and sa.sale = tmp.maxcout
-------------------------------------------- 练习题 四 排序问题 -------------------------------------
表的结构与数据:
Sql代码
create table t4(
姓名 varchar2(20),
月积分 varchar2(20),
总积分 char(3)
)
insert into t4 values('WhatIsJava','1','99');
insert into t4 values('水王','76','981');
insert into t4 values('新浪网','65','96');
insert into t4 values('牛人','22','9');
insert into t4 values('中国队','64','89');
insert into t4 values('信息','66','66');
insert into t4 values('太阳','53','66');
insert into t4 values('中成药','11','33');
insert into t4 values('西洋参','257','26');
insert into t4 values('大拿','33','23');
要求查询出:
如果用总积分做降序排序..因为总积分是字符型,所以排出来是这样子(9,8,7,6,5...),要求按照总积分的数字大小排序。
答案:
Sql代码
我的:
select * from t4 order by cast(总积分 as int) desc
小米的:
select * from t4 order by to_number(总积分) desc;
---------------------------------------- 练习题 五 查询 --------------------------------------
表的结构与数据:
表A字段如下
month name income
月份 人员 收入
8 a 1000
9 a 2000
10 a 3000
Sql代码
create table t5 (
month int,
name varchar2(10),
income number
)
insert into t5 values('08','a',1000);
insert into t5 values('09','a',2000);
insert into t5 values('10','a',3000);
这个日期要与你做题的日期 相符,才会有当前月,上一个月,下一个月, 过期请自行修改
要求查询出:
要求用一个SQL语句(注意是一个)得出所有人(不区分人员)每个月及上月和下月的总收入
要求列表输出为:
月份 当月收入 上月收入 下月收入
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9 2000 1000 3000
答案:
小程的答案:
Sql代码
select o.month,sum(o.income) as cur,(select sum(t.income) from t5 t where t.month=(o.month+1) group by t.month) as next,
(select sum(t.income) from t5 t where t.month=(o.month-1) group by t.month) as last
from t5 o where o.month=2 group by o.month
重庆--小彭:
Sql代码
select month as 月份 ,name as 姓名,sum(income) as 当月工资,
(select sum(income)
from t5
where month = to_number(substr(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),7,1))-1) AS 上月工资 ,
(select sum(income)
from t5
where month = to_number(substr(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),7,1))+1) AS 下月工资
from t5 where month=substr(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),7,1)
group by month,name
副主任:
Sql代码
drop table t5
create table t5 (
month date,
name varchar2(10),
income number
)
insert into t5 values(to_date('2010-08-01','yyyy-MM-dd'),'a',1000);
insert into t5 values(to_date('2010-09-01','yyyy-MM-dd'),'a',2000);
insert into t5 values(to_date('2010-10-01','yyyy-MM-dd'),'a',3000);
select sum(to_number(substr(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd'),6,2)))/count(*),
sum(decode(month, to_date(to_char(add_months(trunc(sysdate),-1),'yyyy-MM'),'yyyy-MM'), income, 0)) 上月,
sum(decode(month, to_date(to_char(add_months(trunc(sysdate),0),'yyyy-MM'),'yyyy-MM'), income, 0)) 当月,
sum(decode(month, to_date(to_char(add_months(trunc(sysdate),1),'yyyy-MM'),'yyyy-MM'), income, 0)) 下月
from t5
group by name;
----------------------------------------------- 练习题 其它 ----------------------------------------
rowid 和 rownum 的区别
rowid 用于定位数据表中某条数据的位置,是唯一的、也不会改变
rownum 表示查询某条记录在整个结果集中的位置,
同一条记录查询条件不同对应的 rownum 是不同的而 rowid 是不会变的