--有输入参数的存储过程--create proc GetComment(@commentid int)asselect * from Comment where [email protected] --有输入与输出参数的存储过程--create proc GetCommentCount@newsid int,@count int outputasselect @count=count(*) from Comment where [email protected] --返回单个值的函数--create function MyFunction(@newsid int)returns intasbegindeclare @count intselect @count=count(*) from Comment where [email protected]return @countend --调用方法--declare @count intexec @count=MyFunction 2print @count --返回值为表的函数--Create function GetFunctionTable(@newsid int)returns tableasreturn(select * from Comment where [email protected]) --返回值为表的函数的调用--select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
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?SQLServer 存储过程中不拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询
--以前拼接的写法 set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 ' if (@addDate is not null) set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' ' if (@name <>'' and is not null) set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' ' exec(@sql)
?下面是 不采用拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询的解决方案
--第一种写法是 感觉代码有些冗余 if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> '') select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='') select * from table where addDate = @addDate else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> '') select * from table where and name = @name else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '') select * from table --第二种写法是 select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '') --第三种写法是 SELECT * FROM table where addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END, name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
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SQLSERVER存储过程基本语法
一、定义变量
--简单赋值declare @a intset @a=5print @a --使用select语句赋值declare @user1 nvarchar(50)select @user1= '张三'print @user1declare @user2 nvarchar(50)select @user2 = Name from ST_User where ID=1print @user2 --使用update语句赋值declare @user3 nvarchar(50)update ST_User set @user3 = Name where ID=1print @user3
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二、表、临时表、表变量
--创建临时表1create table #DU_User1( [ID] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL , [Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL , [ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL , [ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL , [State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL);--向临时表1插入一条记录insert into #DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx, Name ,[ Password ],State) values (100,2, 'LS' , '0000' , '临时' , '321' , '特殊' ); --从ST_User查询数据,填充至新生成的临时表select * into #DU_User2 from ST_User where ID<8 --查询并联合两临时表select * from #DU_User2 where ID<3 union select * from #DU_User1 --删除两临时表drop table #DU_User1drop table #DU_User2 --创建临时表CREATE TABLE #t( [ID] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL , [Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL , [ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL , [ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL , [State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL ,) --将查询结果集(多条数据)插入临时表insert into #t select * from ST_User--不能这样插入--select * into #t from dbo.ST_User --添加一列,为int型自增长子段alter table #t add [myid] int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1)--添加一列,默认填充全球唯一标识alter table #t add [myid1] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL default (newid()) select * from #tdrop table #t--给查询结果集增加自增长列 --无主键时:select IDENTITY( int ,1,1) as ID, Name ,[Login],[ Password ] into #t from ST_Userselect * from #t --有主键时:select ( select SUM (1) from ST_User where ID<= a.ID) as myID,* from ST_User a order by myID--定义表变量declare @t table( id int not null , msg nvarchar(50) null)insert into @t values (1, '1' )insert into @t values (2, '2' )select * from @t
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三、循环
--while循环计算1到100的和declare @a intdeclare @ sum intset @a=1set @ sum =0while @a<=100begin set @ sum [email protected] set @a+=1endprint @ sum
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四、条件语句
--if,else条件分支if(1+1=2)begin print '对'endelsebegin print '错'end --when then条件分支declare @today intdeclare @week nvarchar(3)set @today=3set @week= case when @today=1 then '星期一' when @today=2 then '星期二' when @today=3 then '星期三' when @today=4 then '星期四' when @today=5 then '星期五' when @today=6 then '星期六' when @today=7 then '星期日' else '值错误'endprint @week
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?五、游标?
declare @ID intdeclare @Oid intdeclare @Login varchar (50) --定义一个游标declare user_cur cursor for select ID,Oid,[Login] from ST_User--打开游标open user_curwhile @@fetch_status=0begin--读取游标 fetch next from user_cur into @ID,@Oid,@Login print @ID --print @Loginendclose user_cur--摧毁游标deallocate user_cur
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六、触发器
触发器中的临时表:
Inserted
存放进行insert和update 操作后的数据
Deleted
存放进行delete 和update操作前的数据
--创建触发器Create trigger User_OnUpdate On ST_User for Update As declare @msg nvarchar(50) [email protected] select @msg = N '姓名从“' + Deleted. Name + N '”修改为“' + Inserted. Name + '”' from Inserted,Deleted --插入日志表 insert into [LOG](MSG) values (@msg) --删除触发器drop trigger User_OnUpdate
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七、存储过程
--创建带output参数的存储过程CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum @a int , @b int , @ sum int outputASBEGIN set @ sum [email protected][email protected]END --创建Return返回值存储过程CREATE PROCEDURE PR_Sum2 @a int , @b intASBEGIN Return @[email protected]END --执行存储过程获取output型返回值declare @mysum intexecute PR_Sum 1,2,@mysum outputprint @mysum --执行存储过程获取Return型返回值declare @mysum2 intexecute @mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2print @mysum2
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八、自定义函数
函数的分类:
1)标量值函数
2)表值函数
a:内联表值函数
b:多语句表值函数
3)系统函数
--新建标量值函数create function FUNC_Sum1( @a int , @b int)returns intasbegin return @[email protected]end --新建内联表值函数create function FUNC_UserTab_1( @myId int)returns tableasreturn ( select * from ST_User where ID<@myId) --新建多语句表值函数create function FUNC_UserTab_2( @myId int)returns @t table( [ID] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Oid] [ int ] NOT NULL , [Login] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL , [Rtx] [nvarchar](4) NOT NULL , [ Name ] [nvarchar](5) NOT NULL , [ Password ] [nvarchar]( max ) NULL , [State] [nvarchar](8) NOT NULL)asbegin insert into @t select * from ST_User where ID<@myId returnend --调用表值函数select * from dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)--调用标量值函数declare @s intset @s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50)print @s --删除标量值函数drop function FUNC_Sum1
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谈谈自定义函数与存储过程的区别:
一、自定义函数:
1. 可以返回表变量
2. 限制颇多,包括
不能使用output参数;
不能用临时表;
函数内部的操作不能影响到外部环境;
不能通过select返回结果集;
不能update,delete,数据库表;
3. 必须return 一个标量值或表变量
自定义函数一般用在复用度高,功能简单单一,争对性强的地方。
二、存储过程
1. 不能返回表变量
2. 限制少,可以执行对数据库表的操作,可以返回数据集
3. 可以return一个标量值,也可以省略return
存储过程一般用在实现复杂的功能,数据操纵方面。
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=========================================================================
SqlServer存储过程--实例
实例1:只返回单一记录集的存储过程。
表银行存款表(bankMoney)的内容如下
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Id
userID
Sex
Money
001
Zhangsan
男
30
002
Wangwu
男
50
003
Zhangsan
男
40
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要求1:查询表bankMoney的内容的存储过程
create procedure sp_query_bankMoney
as
select * from bankMoney
go
exec sp_query_bankMoney
注*? 在使用过程中只需要把T-Sql中的SQL语句替换为存储过程名,就可以了很方便吧!
实例2(向存储过程中传递参数):
加入一笔记录到表bankMoney,并查询此表中userID= Zhangsan的所有存款的总金额。
Create proc insert_bank @param1 char(10),@param2 varchar(20),@param3 varchar(20),@param4 int,@param5 int output
with encryption ---------加密
as
insert into bankMoney (id,userID,sex,Money)
Values(@param1,@param2,@param3, @param4)
select @param5=sum(Money) from bankMoney where userID='Zhangsan'
go
在SQL Server查询分析器中执行该存储过程的方法是:
declare @total_price int
exec insert_bank '004','Zhangsan','男',100,@total_price output
print '总余额为'+convert(varchar,@total_price)
go
在这里再啰嗦一下存储过程的3种传回值(方便正在看这个例子的朋友不用再去查看语法内容):
1.以Return传回整数
2.以output格式传回参数
3.Recordset
传回值的区别:
output和return都可在批次程式中用变量接收,而recordset则传回到执行批次的客户端中。
实例3:使用带有复杂 SELECT 语句的简单过程
下面的存储过程从四个表的联接中返回所有作者(提供了姓名)、出版的书籍以及出版社。该存储过程不使用任何参数。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
???????? WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
?? DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
?? FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
????? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
????? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
????? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO
au_info_all 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info_all
-- Or
EXEC au_info_all
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info_all
实例4:使用带有参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
?? @lastname varchar(40),
?? @firstname varchar(20)
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
?? FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
????? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
????? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
????? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
?? WHERE? au_fname = @firstname
????? AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
au_info 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
-- Or
EXEC au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @firstname = 'Ann', @lastname = 'Dull'
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?实例5:使用带有通配符参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info2
@lastname varchar(30) = 'D%',
@firstname varchar(18) = '%'
AS
SELECT au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
?? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
?? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
?? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname LIKE @firstname
?? AND au_lname LIKE @lastname
GO
au_info2 存储过程可以用多种组合执行。下面只列出了部分组合:
EXECUTE au_info2
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Wh%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 @firstname = 'A%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 '[CK]ars[OE]n'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Hunter', 'Sheryl'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'H%', 'S%'
= 'proc2'
实例6:if...else
存储过程,[email protected],用if...else实现执行时根据传入的参数执行不同的修改.
--下面是if……else的存储过程:
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'Student' and type ='u' )
drop table Student
go
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'spUpdateStudent' and type ='p' )
drop proc spUpdateStudent
go
create table Student
(
fName nvarchar (10),
fAge
smallint ,
fDiqu varchar (50),
fTel? int
)
go
insert into Student values ('X.X.Y' , 28, 'Tesing' , 888888)
go
create proc spUpdateStudent
(
@fCase int ,
@fName nvarchar (10),
@fAge smallint ,
@fDiqu varchar (50),
@fTel? int
)
as
update Student
set fAge = @fAge, -- 传 1,2,3 都要更新 fAge 不需要用 case
fDiqu = (case when @fCase = 2 or @fCase = 3 then @fDiqu else fDiqu end ),
fTel? = (case when @fCase = 3 then @fTel else fTel end )
where fName = @fName
select * from Student
go
-- 只改 Age
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 1,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel? = 1010101
-- 改 Age 和 Diqu
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 2,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel? = 1010101
-- 全改
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 3,
@fName = N'X.X.Y' ,
@fAge = 80,
@fDiqu = N'Update' ,
@fTel? = 1010101
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