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简述.NET事宜应用原则

热度:329   发布时间:2016-04-24 08:44:09.0
简述.NET事务应用原则

.NET事务应用原则

1.在同一个数据库内进行CRUD时,应使用同一个DbConnection对象,且显式指定DbConnection均为同一个DbTransaction,示例代码如下:

//在同一个DB中操作一个表时,可以不用显式指定事务,因为单条SQL命令就是一个最小的事务单元        using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))        {            var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();            cmd.CommandText = "delete users";            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();        }        //在同一个DB中操作多个表或执行不同的SQL命令时,需要显式指定事务,且需确保每个Command均与同一个DbTransaction关联        using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))        {            DbTransaction tran = conn.BeginTransaction();            try            {                var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();                cmd.Transaction = tran;                cmd.CommandText = "delete users";                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                var cmd2 = conn.CreateCommand();                cmd2.Transaction = tran;                cmd2.CommandText = "delete roles";                cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();                tran.Commit();            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);                tran.Rollback();            }        }

2.在同一个服务器上的不同数据库之间进行CRUD时,应使用同一个DbConnection对象,且显式指定DbConnection均为同一个DbTransaction,同时SQL命令语句中的包含的对象(表、视图、存储过程、函数等)应显式指定数据库名称,格式如:databasename.owner.tablename,如:Db1.dbo.Users;Db2.dbo.Users;(前提条件:多个数据库的用户名及密码相同的情况下,否则就只能使用分布式事务),示例代码如下:

//在同一个Server不同的DB中操作多个表或执行不同的SQL命令时,需要显式指定事务,且需确保每个Command均与同一个DbTransaction关联,CommandText还应显式添加数据库名称        using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))        {            DbTransaction tran = conn.BeginTransaction();            try            {                var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();                cmd.Transaction = tran;                cmd.CommandText = "delete db1.dbo.users";                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                var cmd2 = conn.CreateCommand();                cmd2.Transaction = tran;                cmd2.CommandText = "delete db2.dbo.roles";                cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();                tran.Commit();            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);                tran.Rollback();            }        }

3.在不同的DB服务器上进行CRUD时,应使用分布式事务,可以采取隐式或显式开启分布式事务,示例代码如下:

//采用隐式开启分布式事务        using (TransactionScope tranScope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew))        {            using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))            {                conn.Open();                var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();                cmd.CommandText = "delete users";                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();            }            using (DbConnection conn2 = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串2"))            {                conn2.Open();                var cmd2 = conn2.CreateCommand();                cmd2.CommandText = "delete users";                cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();            }            tranScope.Complete();        }        //采用显式开启分布式事务        using (CommittableTransaction committableTransaction = new CommittableTransaction())        {            try            {                using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))                {                    conn.Open();                    conn.EnlistTransaction(committableTransaction); //将连接登记到可提交事务                    var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();                    cmd.CommandText = "delete users";                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                }                using (DbConnection conn2 = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串2"))                {                    conn2.Open();                    conn2.EnlistTransaction(committableTransaction); //将连接登记到可提交事务                    var cmd2 = conn2.CreateCommand();                    cmd2.CommandText = "delete users";                    cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();                }                committableTransaction.Commit();            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                committableTransaction.Rollback(ex);            }        }        //采用显式开启分布式事务,模拟TransactionScope用法的过程        {            Transaction originalTransaction = Transaction.Current; //记录当前的环境事务,用于后面的恢复            CommittableTransaction committableTransaction = null;            DependentTransaction dependentTransaction = null;            committableTransaction = new CommittableTransaction();            Transaction.Current = committableTransaction;//将定义的可提交事务作为当前的环境事务            try            {                using (DbConnection conn = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串"))                {                    conn.Open();                    var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();                    cmd.CommandText = "delete users";                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                }                dependentTransaction = Transaction.Current.DependentClone(DependentCloneOption.RollbackIfNotComplete); //复制当前的环境事务从而产生新的依赖事务,且指定必需等到该事务完成                Transaction.Current = dependentTransaction;//将复制到的新的依赖事务                using (DbConnection conn2 = new SqlConnection("数据库连接字符串2"))                {                    conn2.Open();                    var cmd2 = conn2.CreateCommand();                    cmd2.CommandText = "delete users";                    cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();                }                dependentTransaction.Complete();                committableTransaction.Commit();            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                Transaction.Current.Rollback(ex);            }            finally //不论成功与否,最终都将恢复成原来的环境事务            {                Transaction transaction = Transaction.Current;                Transaction.Current = originalTransaction;                transaction.Dispose();            }        }

最终总结一下:

1.查询无需事务;

2.涉汲执行增、删、改的SQL命令时,应考虑是否需要确保执行数据的一致性,若需要则必需使用事务,否则可以采取默认方式;

3.在同一个DB服务器中,尽可能的使用本地事务,跨多个DB服务器中,需要使用分布式事务;

4.尽可能的缩小事务的使用范围,避免出现多层级的嵌套事务;

5.若需要使用分布式事务,在WINDOWS下需要开启MS DTC服务(分布式事务管理器)

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