网络管理
三种网络模式
仅主机： 虚拟机都为仅主机模式，多台虚拟可以互ping； 物理机 --ping ---->虚拟机
nat： 虚拟机都为nat模式，多台虚拟可以互ping； 物理机 <-----ping ---->虚拟机 只要物理能访问外网虚拟机就能上网
桥接： 虚拟机都为桥接模式，多台虚拟可以互ping；物理机 <-----ping ---->虚拟机 （同一网段的地址）；可以访问外网（当前主机的地址能不能访问外网）
网卡动态和静态地址配置
1.虚拟图形界面
2.nmtui 连接图形化界面进行配置（键盘）
3.nm-connection-editor 鼠标控制
4.网卡配置文件
[root@162 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 TYPE=Ethernet 网卡类型 Ethernet真实网卡 PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp 网卡模式dhcp动态模式 none 静态模式 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=ens160 网卡配置文件名 UUID=29a02f09-4754-4f2f-a91b-b0fd3cbf7987 DEVICE=ens160 网卡设备名 ONBOOT=no 网卡开机后是否自动连接 IPV6_PRIVACY=no
注:RHEL7- 一个网卡设备可以对应多个网卡配置文件，但是当前网卡默认只能连接一个网卡配置
*5.nmcli 网络管理工具
nmcli device show 显示主机所有网络设备详细信息
status 显示主机设备和会话（网卡配置文件）
connect 将设备和指定会话文件链接
nmcli connection show
modify
edit
add
delete
up
down
nmcli配置静态ip地址 ? [root@162 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.220.111/24 ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114 ipv4.gateway 192.168.220.2 connection.autoconnect yes --修改ens160会话文件参数 网络模式=manual ipv4.地址= connection.autoconnect yes 设置网卡开机自动连接 [root@162 ~]# nmcli connection up ens160 ---激活ens160网卡配置 ? [root@162 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=none DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=ens160 UUID=29a02f09-4754-4f2f-a91b-b0fd3cbf7987 DEVICE=ens160 ONBOOT=yes DNS1=114.114.114.114 IPV6_PRIVACY=no IPADDR=192.168.220.111 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.220.2
[root@162 ~]# nmcli connection edit ens160 --进入编辑网卡配置文件 ? ===| nmcli interactive connection editor |=== ? Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ens160' ? Type 'help' or '?' for available commands. Type 'print' to show all the connection properties. Type 'describe [<setting>.<prop>]' for detailed property description. ? You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, sriov, ethtool, match, ipv4, ipv6, tc, proxy nmcli> tab activate describe help print remove set back goto nmcli quit save verify nmcli> goto ipv4 进入iPv4模式 You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search, dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric, route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns, dhcp-client-id, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname, dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, never-default, may-fail, dad-timeout nmcli ipv4> activate describe help print remove set back goto nmcli quit save verify nmcli ipv4> set method auto disabled link-local manual shared nmcli ipv4> set method auto 将网络模式改为自动模式 Do you also want to clear 'ipv4.addresses'? [yes]: yes nmcli ipv4> save Error: connection verification failed: ipv4.gateway: gateway cannot be set if there are no addresses configured You may try running 'verify fix' to fix errors. nmcli ipv4> remove addresses dhcp-send-hostname dns-search method routing-rules dad-timeout dhcp-timeout gateway never-default dhcp-client-id dns ignore-auto-dns route-metric dhcp-fqdn dns-options ignore-auto-routes routes dhcp-hostname dns-priority may-fail route-table nmcli ipv4> remove ipv4.gateway nmcli ipv4> remove ipv4.dns nmcli ipv4> save Connection 'ens160' (29a02f09-4754-4f2f-a91b-b0fd3cbf7987) successfully updated. nmcli ipv4> quit [root@162 ~]# nmcli connection up ens160 ? [root@162 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160 TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=ens160 UUID=29a02f09-4754-4f2f-a91b-b0fd3cbf7987 DEVICE=ens160 ONBOOT=yes IPV6_PRIVACY=no
[root@162 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname ens160 con-name work Connection 'work' (dcab47ad-1250-458f-ad64-7471f4bb41e0) successfully added. [root@162 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-work ? TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=work UUID=dcab47ad-1250-458f-ad64-7471f4bb41e0 DEVICE=ens160 ONBOOT=yes [root@162 ~]# nmcli connection modify work ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.220.111/24 ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114 ipv4.gateway 192.168.220.2 [root@162 ~]# nmcli connection up work root@162 ~]# nmcli connection delete work