webbench【开源项目】——压力测试软件

Webbench 简单介绍

Webench是一款轻量级的网站测压工具，最多可以对网站模拟3w左右的并发请求，可以控制时间、是否使用缓存、是否等待服务器回复等等，且对中小型网站有明显的效果，基本上可以测出中小型网站的承受能力，对于大型的网站如百度、淘宝这些巨型网站则没有太大意义，因为大型网站的承受能力非常大。同时测试结果也受自身网速、以及自身主机的性能与内存的限制，性能好、内存大的主机可以模拟的并发就明显要多（主要还是该测试方法主要使用fork多进程进行测试）。

Webbench能测试处在相同硬件上，不同服务的性能以及不同硬件上同一个服务的运行状况。webbench的标准测试可以向我们展示服务器的两项内容：每秒钟相应请求数和每秒钟传输数据量。webbench不但能具有便准静态页面的测试能力，还能对动态页面（ASP,PHP,JAVA,CGI）进 行测试的能力。还有就是他支持对含有SSL的安全网站例如电子商务网站进行静态或动态的性能测试。

Webbench 实现的核心原理

Webbench实现的核心原理是：

• 父进程fork若干个子进程，每个子进程在用户要求时间或默认的时间内对目标web循环发出实际访问请求，父子进程通过管道进行通信，子进程通过管道写端向父进程传递在若干次请求访问完毕后记录到的总信息，父进程通过管道读端读取子进程发来的相关信息，子进程在时间到后结束，父进程在所有子进程退出后统计并给用户显示最后的测试结果，然后退出。

Webbench 源代码

socket.c

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $** This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx*//***********************************************************************module:       socket.cprogram:      popclientSCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5  4/1/94programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Centercompiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)environment:  DEC Ultrix 4.3 description:  UNIX sockets code.***********************************************************************/#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{int sock;unsigned long inaddr;struct sockaddr_in ad;struct hostent *hp;memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));ad.sin_family = AF_INET;//将host字符串转换成点分十进制的IP地址，//字符串不是合法的IP地址，则返回INADDR_NONEinaddr = inet_addr(host);if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)	//转换成功，memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));else{//转换失败，表示host是一个域名，通过gethostbyname()函数获取IP地址hp = gethostbyname(host);if (hp == NULL)return -1;memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);}ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);//创建socket套接字sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (sock < 0)return sock;if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)//建立连接return -1;return sock;
}

webbench.c

/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
*   webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
*    0 - sucess
*    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
*    2 - bad param
*    3 - internal error, fork failed
* 
*/ #include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;/* globals */
//所用http协议版本
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
//http请求方式
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
//相关参数选项的默认值
int method=METHOD_GET;
int clients=1;
int force=0;	//默认需要等待服务器响应
int force_reload=0;	//默认不重新发送请求
int proxyport=80;	//默认访问80端口，http测试惯例
char *proxyhost=NULL;	//默认无代理服务器，因此初值为空
int benchtime=30;	//默认模拟请求时间/* internal */
//用于父子进程通信的管道
int mypipe[2];
//存放目标服务器的网络地址
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
//存放请求报文的字节流
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];//构造长选项和短选项的对应
static const struct option long_options[]=
{{"force",no_argument,&force,1},{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{timerexpired=1;
}	static void usage(void)
{fprintf(stderr,"webbench [option]... URL\n""  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.\n""  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n""  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n""  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n""  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n""  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n""  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n""  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n""  --get                    Use GET request method.\n""  --head                   Use HEAD request method.\n""  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.\n""  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.\n""  -?|-h|--help             This information.\n""  -V|--version             Display program version.\n");
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int opt=0;int options_index=0;char *tmp=NULL;if(argc==1){usage();return 2;} while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF ){switch(opt){case  0 : break;case 'f': force=1;break;case 'r': force_reload=1;break; case '9': http10=0;break;case '1': http10=1;break;case '2': http10=2;break;case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;	     case 'p': /* proxy server parsing server:port */tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');proxyhost=optarg;if(tmp==NULL){break;}if(tmp==optarg){fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);return 2;}if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1){fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);return 2;}*tmp='\0';proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;case ':':case 'h':case '?': usage();return 2;break;case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;}}if(optind==argc) {	//缺少待测试的URLfprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");usage();return 2;}if(clients==0) clients=1;if(benchtime==0) benchtime=30;/* Copyright */fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n""Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n");build_request(argv[optind]);//解析URL// print request info ,do it in function build_request/*printf("Benchmarking: ");switch(method){case METHOD_GET:default:printf("GET");break;case METHOD_OPTIONS:printf("OPTIONS");break;case METHOD_HEAD:printf("HEAD");break;case METHOD_TRACE:printf("TRACE");break;}printf(" %s",argv[optind]);switch(http10){case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;}printf("\n");*/printf("Runing info: ");if(clients==1) printf("1 client");elseprintf("%d clients",clients);printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);if(force) printf(", early socket close");if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");printf(".\n");return bench();//创建子进程进行测试
}void build_request(const char *url)
{char tmp[10];int i;//bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);//bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);memset(host,0,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);memset(request,0,REQUEST_SIZE);if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;switch(method){default:case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;}strcat(request," ");if(NULL==strstr(url,"://")){fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);exit(2);}if(strlen(url)>1500){fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");exit(2);}if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) { fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");exit(2);}/* protocol/host delimiter */i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");exit(2);}if(proxyhost==NULL){/* get port from hostname */if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/')){strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);//bzero(tmp,10);memset(tmp,0,10);strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);/* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */proxyport=atoi(tmp);if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;} else{strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));}// printf("Host=%s\n",host);strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));} else{// printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);strcat(request,url);}if(http10==1)strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");else if (http10==2)strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");strcat(request,"\r\n");if(http10>0)strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0){strcat(request,"Host: ");strcat(request,host);strcat(request,"\r\n");}if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL){strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");}if(http10>1)strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");/* add empty line at end */if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n"); printf("\nRequest:\n%s\n",request);
}/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{int i,j,k;	pid_t pid=0;FILE *f;/* check avaibility of target server */i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);if(i<0) { fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");return 1;}close(i);/* create pipe */if(pipe(mypipe)){perror("pipe failed.");return 3;}/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens *//* wait 4 next system clock tick *//*cas=time(NULL);while(time(NULL)==cas)sched_yield();*//* fork childs */for(i=0;i<clients;i++){pid=fork();if(pid <= (pid_t) 0){/* child process or error*/sleep(1); /* make childs faster */break;}}if( pid < (pid_t) 0){fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);perror("fork failed.");return 3;}if(pid == (pid_t) 0){/* I am a child */if(proxyhost==NULL)benchcore(host,proxyport,request);elsebenchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);/* write results to pipe */f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");if(f==NULL){perror("open pipe for writing failed.");return 3;}/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);fclose(f);return 0;} else{f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");if(f==NULL) {perror("open pipe for reading failed.");return 3;}setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);speed=0;failed=0;bytes=0;while(1){pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);if(pid<2){fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");break;}speed+=i;failed+=j;bytes+=k;/* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */if(--clients==0) break;}fclose(f);printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",(int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),(int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),speed,failed);}return i;
}void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{int rlen;char buf[1500];int s,i;struct sigaction sa;/* setup alarm signal handler */sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;sa.sa_flags=0;if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))exit(3);alarm(benchtime); // after benchtime,then exitrlen=strlen(req);nexttry:while(1){if(timerexpired){if(failed>0){/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */failed--;}return;}s=Socket(host,port);                          if(s<0) { failed++;continue;} if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}if(http10==0) if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}if(force==0) {/* read all available data from socket */while(1){if(timerexpired) break; i=read(s,buf,1500);/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */if(i<0) { failed++;close(s);goto nexttry;}elseif(i==0) break;elsebytes+=i;}}if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}speed++;}
}

编译使用方式

从GitHub上下载开源代码 WebBench
使用：

sudo make && sudo make install PREFIX=your_path_to_webbench

在执行时可使用如下命令行选项：

总结

关于使用方面的总结：

• 1）webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。

• 2）压力测试工作应该放到产品上线之前，而不是上线以后

• 3）测试时并发应当由小逐渐加大，比如并发100时观察一下网站负载是多少、打开页面是否流畅，并发200时又是多少、网站打开缓慢时并发是多少、网站打不开时并发又是多少；

• 4）更详细的进行某个页面测试，如电商网站可以着重测试购物车、推广页面等，因为这些页面占整个网站访问量比重较大。

都说Webbench 是一个可怕的东西，但是可怕在哪些方面呢

• 首先，它仅属于发送 GET 命令、所以无论是 CDN 还是自身防火墙都不会将它当做是 DDOS 或 CC 看待，也就意味着不会起到防御的功能。这样的压力测试工具还包括有 Apache Bench 等比较常见（只要有 SSH 的网站主机、几乎都可以使用）

• 解决办法未必管用，即时你拒绝该测试发起着 IP 的访问、顶多只是起到了缓解的效果。因为你的错误页足够让它成千上万的测试数量吃饱喝足。

• 使用过于简单，对于繁杂且使用人数越来越少的 TFN2K 之类较为专业的工具、Webbench 只要是一个有 VPS 的小白即可使用，带宽越大、性能越好的 VPS 可以起到越大的“攻击”效应