SpringCloud: 服务消费者（Feign）_综合

上一篇文章，讲述了如何通过RestTemplate+Ribbon去消费服务，这篇文章主要讲述如何通过Feign去消费服务。

Feign简介

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign，只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性，可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

简而言之：
Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
Feign 整合了ribbon

准备工作

继续用上一节的工程，启动eureka-server，端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次，端口分别为8762 、8773.

创建一个feign的服务

新建一个spring-boot工程，取名为serice-feign，在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>cn.easted</groupId><artifactId>com</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>com</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR3</spring-cloud.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件，指定程序名为service-feign，端口号为8765，服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ，代码如下：

eureka:client:serviceUrl:defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:port: 8765
spring:application:name: service-feign

在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ，加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能：

@EnableDiscoveryClient//向服务中心注册
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //开启Feign
public class FeignApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);}
}

定义一个feign接口，通过@ FeignClient（“服务名”），来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，代码如下：

package cn.easted.com;import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;/*** @ClassName:SchedualServiceHi* @author:Wh* @date: 2017年8月31日 上午9:02:21*/
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

在Web层的controller层，对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口，通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下：

@RestController
public class HiController {
    @AutowiredSchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);}
}

启动程序，多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=wh,浏览器交替显示：

 hi wh,i am from port:8762hi wh,i am from port:8763