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@RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable 注解详解

热度:55   发布时间:2023-10-18 19:27:18.0

简介:

handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)

A、处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解:   @PathVariable;

B、处理request header部分的注解:   @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam,  @RequestBody;

D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

1、 @PathVariable 

当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

示例代码:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {@RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    // implementation omitted}
}

上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名称。

 

2、 @RequestHeader、@CookieValue

@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。

示例代码:

这是一个Request 的header部分:

Host                    localhost:8080
Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language         fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding         gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset          ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive              300
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,@RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {//...}

上面的代码,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上。

 

@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。

例如有如下Cookie值:

JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84

参数绑定的代码:

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  {//...}

即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。

3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody

@RequestParam 

A) 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;

B)用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;

C) 该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定;

示例代码:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {// ...@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);model.addAttribute("pet", pet);return "petForm";}// ...

@RequestBody

该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;

它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body,然后绑定到相应的bean上的。

因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容,处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap<String, String>里,这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用,详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;

示例代码:

@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException {writer.write(body);
}

4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute

@SessionAttributes:

该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用。

该注解有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象;

示例代码:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {// ...
}

@ModelAttribute

该注解有两个用法,一个是用于方法上,一个是用于参数上;

用于方法上时:  通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前,为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model;

用于参数上时: 用来通过名称对应,把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上;要绑定的值来源于:

A) @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上;

B) @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象;

C) 上述两种情况都没有时,new一个需要绑定的bean对象,然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。

用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码:

// Add one attribute
// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")@ModelAttribute
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}

这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put(“account”, Account);

用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码:

@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {}

首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象,若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象,若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。

补充讲解:

问题: 在不给定注解的情况下,参数是怎样绑定的?

通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现,方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下:

若要绑定的对象时简单类型:  调用@RequestParam来处理的。  

若要绑定的对象时复杂类型:  调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。

这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型;

下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码:

private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());String paramName = null;String headerName = null;boolean requestBodyFound = false;String cookieName = null;String pathVarName = null;String attrName = null;boolean required = false;String defaultValue = null;boolean validate = false;Object[] validationHints = null;int annotationsFound = 0;Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;paramName = requestParam.value();required = requestParam.required();defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());annotationsFound++;}else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;headerName = requestHeader.value();required = requestHeader.required();defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());annotationsFound++;}else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {requestBodyFound = true;annotationsFound++;}else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;cookieName = cookieValue.value();required = cookieValue.required();defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());annotationsFound++;}else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;pathVarName = pathVar.value();annotationsFound++;}else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;attrName = attr.value();annotationsFound++;}else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();}else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {validate = true;Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value});}}if (annotationsFound > 1) {throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +"do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);}if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {args[i] = argValue;}else if (defaultValue != null) {args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);}else {Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +"Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +"newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");}args[i] = implicitModel;}else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {args[i] = this.sessionStatus;}else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);}else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +"without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");}else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理paramName = "";}else {attrName = "";}}}if (paramName != null) {args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);}else if (headerName != null) {args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);}else if (requestBodyFound) {args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);}else if (cookieName != null) {args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);}else if (pathVarName != null) {args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);}else if (attrName != null) {WebDataBinder binder =resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));if (binder.getTarget() != null) {doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);}args[i] = binder.getTarget();if (assignBindingResult) {args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();i++;}implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());}}return args;}

RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定,代码稍微有些不同,有兴趣的同仁可以分析下,最后处理的结果都是一样的。

示例:

@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"})public String showHomePage(String key){logger.debug("key="+key);return "home";
}

这种情况下,就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。

@RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doRegister(User user){if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());logger.debug(user);}return "user";
}

这种情况下,就调用@ModelAttribute来处理。

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