目的：在华为云买了个云服务器，是CentOs7.6的系统，打算在上面装一个Oracle11g的数据库，之前没有在Linux系统上装过Oracle数据库，所以各种百度和实验，终于搞成了，写一篇博客供大家参考，尽量少踩坑。
一、安装步骤
1、Oracle 11gR2 64位 Linux版安装包
下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle-db11g-linux.html
2、安装依赖包
yum install -y automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 elfutils expat \
gawk gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib lib32ncurses5 lib32z1 \
ksh less lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 \
libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 \
libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libstdc++5 make openssh-server rlwrap \
rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip x11-utils zlibc unzip cifs-utils \
libXext.x86_64 glibc.i686以上依赖包安装完成之后，执行
yum update3、创建Oracle用户
操作用户：root
groupadd -g 502 oinstall
groupadd -g 503 dba
groupadd -g 504 oper
groupadd -g 505 asmadmin
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,asmadmin,oper -s /bin/bash -m oracle
passwd oracle
4、解压安装包
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
将Oracle 11gR2安装文件上传（可以使用xftp工具上传）到该操作目录下面，然后顺序解压安装文件到该目录
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip5、修改安全设置
操作用户：root
操作文件：/etc/security/limits.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.confPS：如果不会使用Vi编辑器的话可以使用Xftp工具把limits.conf下载到本地使用NotePad++编辑完保存上传到服务器覆盖原来的。
在文件最后追加如下内容（vi使用方法略）：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
6、创建安装目录
操作用户：oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/tools/oracle11g如果没有目录的操作权限可以使用chmod进行赋权,如果创建目录不报错这步可以不走
chmod 777 /home/oracle7、修改环境变量
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile在文件最后追加如下内容（vi使用方法略）：
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64
执行以下命令使其生效：
source ~/.bash_profile以后每次重新登录不需要重新设置，环境变量将自动加载。
8、关闭防火墙
操作用户：root
systemctl stop firewalld.service并设置其重新启动服务器后不再打开
systemctl disable firewalld.service9、定义安装响应文件
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle
复制文件模板
cp /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp .模板内容修改如下（目录、用户等没有变化的情况下，可以直接使用），修改出使用粗体标出：
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English ja : Japanese
# fr : French ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian pl : Polish
# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
# de : German sv : Swedish
# el : Greek th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# EE : Enterprise Edition
# SE : Standard Edition
# SEONE : Standard Edition One
# PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
# The following choices are available. You may specify any
# combination of these choices. The components you choose should
# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
# Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#
# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle#123456
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical
# alerts when using DB control.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=test@163.com
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/fast_recovery_area
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=
如果怕麻烦，可以直接把文件下载到本地，把内容全部复制粘贴进去，把线上的覆盖更新。
10、静默安装Oracle 11gR2
操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp最终看到以下内容，表明Oracle已经安装成功了
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:1. Open a terminal window2. Log in as "root"3. Run the scripts4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continueSuccessfully Setup Software.
可能会报错：Checking swap space: 0 MB available, 150 MB required. Failed
解决方案：
1、检查 Swap 空间在设置 Swap 文件之前，有必要先检查一下系统里有没有既存的 Swap 文件。运行以下命令：
swapon -s如果返回的信息概要是空的，则表示 Swap 文件不存在。
2、检查文件系统在设置 Swap 文件之前，同样有必要检查一下文件系统，看看是否有足够的硬盘空间来设置 Swap 。运行以下命令：
df -hal3、创建并允许 Swap 文件下面使用 dd 命令来创建 Swap 文件。检查返回的信息，还剩余足够的硬盘空间即可。
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=512k参数解读：if=文件名：输入文件名，缺省为标准输入。即指定源文件。< if=input file >of=文件名：输出文件名，缺省为标准输出。即指定目的文件。< of=output file >bs=bytes：同时设置读入/输出的块大小为bytes个字节count=blocks：仅拷贝blocks个块，块大小等于bs指定的字节数。
4、格式化并激活 Swap 文件上面已经创建好 Swap 文件，还需要格式化后才能使用。运行命令：
mkswap /swapfile激活 Swap ，运行命令：swapon /swapfile以上步骤做完，再次运行命令：
swapon -s 11、完成安装
操作用户：root
根据上一步完成信息提示，执行以下两行命令，具体位置需要根据你的安装位置决定：
/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
12、启动已经安装的数据库orcl
操作用户：oracle
sqlplus /nolog使用dba权限连接Oralce
connect / as sysdba可能遇到的错误：sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决方案：使用如下命令安装一下依赖包
yum install libaio可能会遇到的错误：-bash: sqlplus: command not found
解决方案：
ln -s /home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sqlplus /usr/bin
13、启动数据库
startup可能遇到的错误：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
解决方案
启动数据库时使用：
startup pfile='/home/oracle/initorcl.ora'确认启动结果：
RACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes
Fixed Size 2211928 bytes
Variable Size 159387560 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5226496 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
报错：ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
解决方案：使用root账号，命令行输入：ipcs -s
输入：ipcrm -s 1540096
再输入：ipcs -s
输入：ipcs -m
14、启动监听
操作用户：oracle
lsnrctl start查看监听状态，可以确认各个数据库和实例监听服务的状态：
lsnrctl status确认监听状态：
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-AUG-2020 16:14:15Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 26-AUG-2020 16:12:27
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 48 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ecs-x-large-4-linux-20200308120508)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
15、完成安装
数据库和监听成功启动之后，CentOS 7环境上的Oracle 11gR2就安装完成了。
如果想关掉数据库和监听使用如下命令：
关闭监听
lsnrctl stop关闭数据库
shutdown16、远程连接
由于数据库是安装到华为云的服务器上的，所以远程连接还需要配置一下。
1）找到安装Oracle时的目录：/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/samples
在这个目录下有两个文件：listener.ora和tnsnames.ora，把这两个文件使用Xftp下载到本地进行修改。
listener.ora修改内容如下：
# copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation
#
# NAME
# listener.ora
# FUNCTION
# Network Listener startup parameter file example
# NOTES
# This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora,
# and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting
# and changing values. Multiple listeners can be configured
# in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form
# of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener
# this parameter refers to. All parameters and values are
# case-insensitive.# <lsnr>
# This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and
# it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener
# us this name in place of <lsnr>. When not specified,
# the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default
# address value as shown below.LISTENER =(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=121.36.6.106)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))) # SID_LIST_<lsnr>
# List of services the listener knows about and can connect
# clients to. There is no default. See the Net8 Administrator's
# Guide for more information.SID_LIST_LISTENER=(SID_LIST=(SID_DESC=#BEQUEATH CONFIG(GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany)(SID_NAME=sid1) (ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)#PRESPAWN CONFIG(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)(PRESPAWN_LIST=(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1)))))# PASSWORDS_<lsnr>
# Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener.
# Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set. Encrypted passwords
# can be set and stored using lsnrctl.
# LSNRCTL> change_password
# Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both
# to match the old password and to set the new one.
# LSNRCTL> set password
# Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with
# the listener. The password must be set before running the next
# command.
# LSNRCTL> save_config
# Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two
# steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON.
# See below.
#
# Default: NONE
#
# PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454 # "foobar"# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when
# it shuts down. Changed parameter values will be written to the file,
# while preserving formatting and comments.
# Default: OFF
# Values: ON/OFF
#
# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself
# and its services with Onames.
# Values: ON/OFF
# Default: OFF
#
# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON# LOG_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's log file. The .log extension
# is added automatically.
# Default=<lsnr>
#
# LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr# LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's log file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/log
#
# LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log# TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr>
# Specifies desired tracing level.
# Default: OFF
# Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16
#
# TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT# TRACE_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension
# is added automatically.
# Default: <lsnr>
#
# TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr# TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's trace file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace
#
# TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr>
# Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a
# valid database query after it has been started.
# Default: 10
#
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10修改的内容：
tnsnames.ora配置内容：
#ORCL是个别名
#这条信息记录了我们使用TCP协议，去连接IP地址为121.36.6.106，端口号为1521的数据库主机上服务名为orcl的数据库
ORCL =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 121.36.6.106)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))替换掉服务器上的文件。
2）重启服务器Oracle的服务
3）复制tnsnames.ora文件到访问端
4）配置tnsnames.ora文件到环境变量（假设当前电脑是客户端）：TNS_ADMIN = D:\Config