The basics of how to use Linux (如何使用Linux，基础笔记二)

The basics of how to use Linux (如何使用Linux，基础笔记二)

Outline:
As the saying, everything is a file in the Linux system. The directory is a kind of file, and there are some interesting and default directories in the system. Let’s explore those directories.

1. “/” : root directory, it contains every thing in the Linux.

2. “/bin” : It contains all binary files which are needed when the system activates and operates.

3. “/boot” : It contains Linux kernel, RMA disk image and boot loader.

   3.1. “/boot/grub/grub.comf | menu.lst” are used to config boot loader.
   3.2. “/boot/vmlinuz” is the kernel of Linux system

4. “/dev” is a special directory which includes device nodes, and the kernel maintains those devices.

5. “etc/” contains all config files about system-layer and some shell scripts. When the system activates, those shell scripts are going to start system services.
   5.1. “etc/crontab” defines tasks of automatical running
   5.2. “etc/fstab” includes the list of storage devices and their associated mount points
   5.3. “/etc/passwd” includes the list of user accounts

6. “/home”: In general system setting, under “/home” directory, the system distributes a directory to every user, and they only can create files in their directory in case of corruptions.

7. “/lib” contains some library files which are needed by the system activation.

8. “/media” : In the modern Linux system, the directory contains removable mount points of media devices, like USB driver. When those devices connected with the computer, those devices will automatically mount at “/media” directory.

9. “/mnt” contains mount points for removable devices that have been mounted manually.

10. “/opt” is used to install optional softwares, and it primarily stores some commercial softwares.

11. “/root” : The home directory of the root user

12. “/sbin” contains system binary files, and it prepares for super user to perform some vital system programs.

13. “tmp” contains various temp files created by other programs.

14. “/usr” contains all programs and files belonging to normal users.

15. “/usr/bin” contains system-installed programs.

16. “/usr/bin” contains shared libs for programs in “/usr/bin”

17. “/usr/sbin” contains system adminstration programs.

18. “/var/log” contains some important system log files which record system activaties.

19. Detailed and rest function-description of directories: