目前UI一般使用Activity嵌套使用Fragment的方式,但是Fragment的管理是比较繁琐的,需要手动通过FragmentManager和FragmentTransaction来管理Fragment的切换。以及切换动画、参数传递、AppBar的管理等。
JetPack提供了一个工具:Navigation,封装了Fragment的一系列操作,Navigation分为三个组件:
1.Navigation Graph:一种xml资源文件,包含应用程序所有的页面,以及页面间的关系
2.NavHostFragment:一个特殊的Fragment,可以将它看作是其他Fragment的容器,Navigation Graph中Fragment正是使用NavHostFragment进行展示的
3.NavController:用于在代码中完成Navigation Graph中具体的页面切换工作
当想要切换Fragment时,使用NavController对象,指定跳转Navigation Graph中哪个Fragment,那么NavHostFragment会切换成相应的Fragment
一、初识Navigtion
1.Navigtion上手
首先创建两个Fragment:HomeFragment和DetailFragment
布局文件是相同的:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".HomeFragment"><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/button"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Button"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".DetailFragment"><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/button2"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Button"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
创建NavigationGraph,如果是第一次创建,会提示是否导入依赖,我们选择是就可以了
根据下图提示的先导入Fragment,再建立连接关系:
在Activity布局文件中使用NavHostFragment:
xml如下,使用的是 fragment标签:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"><fragmentandroid:id="@+id/fragmentContainerView"android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"app:defaultNavHost="true"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"app:navGraph="@navigation/my_navigation_graph" /></androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
Activity代码中,获取NavController对象,并绑定ActionBar
package com.aruba.navigation;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;
import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI;import android.os.Bundle;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private NavController navController;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//获取NavController对象navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView);//将ActionBar与NavController绑定NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController);}
}
在fragment中设置一个点击事件,使用NavController进行fragment跳转,通过内部任意一个View就能获取NavController对象
HomeFragment
package com.aruba.navigation;import android.os.Bundle;import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;public class HomeFragment extends Fragment {@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);}@Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);View button = getView().findViewById(R.id.button);button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {//Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);//指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的actionnavController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment);}});}
}
DetailFragment
package com.aruba.navigation;import android.os.Bundle;import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_detail, container, false);}@Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);View button = getView().findViewById(R.id.button2);button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {//Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);//指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的actionnavController.navigate(R.id.action_detailFragment_to_homeFragment);}});}
}
最后在Activity中添加ActionBar返回键支持:
@Overridepublic boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {return navController.navigateUp();}
2.跳转动画
添加Fragment的跳转动画比较简单,只需要在NavigationGraph中的action添加即可
3.参数传递
NavController的navigate方法可以传递一个bundle,接受的Fragment和以前一样可以用getArguments方法获取:
//Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象
NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("name", "张三");
//指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的action
navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment, bundle);
还可以使用插件的方式:
在主工程的Gradle中添加依赖
dependencies {classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.2"classpath "androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:2.3.5"}
在module中使用插件
plugins {id 'com.android.application'id 'androidx.navigation.safeargs'
}
我们就可以在NavigationGraph中定义参数了
xml中定义好后,在 fragment跳转时使用
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {//Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
// Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
// bundle.putString("name", "张三");HomeFragmentArgs build = new HomeFragmentArgs.Builder().setName("张三").setAge(1).build();//指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的actionnavController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment, build.toBundle());}});
接收的fragment代码如下:
HomeFragmentArgs homeFragmentArgs = HomeFragmentArgs.fromBundle(getArguments());Toast.makeText(getActivity(),homeFragmentArgs.getName() + homeFragmentArgs.getAge(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
二、NavigationUI
Fragment的切换,除了Fragment页面本身的切换,通常还伴有AppBar的变化。为了方便管理,Navigation引入NavigationUI
创建完Fragment后,先创建NavigationGraph
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:id="@+id/navigation_graph"app:startDestination="@id/mainFragment"><fragmentandroid:id="@+id/mainFragment"android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.MainFragment"android:label="fragment_main"tools:layout="@layout/fragment_main" /><fragmentandroid:id="@+id/settingFragment"android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.SettingFragment"android:label="fragment_setting"tools:layout="@layout/fragment_setting" />
</navigation>
再创建menu,其中item的id指定为:NavigationGraph中对应fragment的id
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"><itemandroid:id="@+id/settingFragment"android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"android:title="设置" />
</menu>
Activity中,先重写onCreateOptionsMenu方法,使用我们定义的menu,然后在onCreate中调用NavigationUI的setupActionBarWithNavController方法,其中多传入一个AppBarConfiguration对象,最后重写onOptionsItemSelected方法
package com.aruba.navigation2;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;
import androidx.navigation.ui.AppBarConfiguration;
import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI;import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private NavController navController;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView);AppBarConfiguration configuration = new AppBarConfiguration.Builder(navController.getGraph()).build();NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController, configuration);}@Overridepublic boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {return navController.navigateUp();}@Overridepublic boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu, menu);return true;}@Overridepublic boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {return NavigationUI.onNavDestinationSelected(item, navController) ||super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);}
}
仔细看我们的效果,跳转到设置后,AppBar右上角的选项还在,那么我们需要在设置界面时,去除选项
在SettingFragment中,重写onCreateOptionsMenu方法,调用menu.clear(),并在onCreateView方法中调用setHasOptionsMenu(true)来确保onCreateOptionsMenu的执行
@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {setHasOptionsMenu(true);// Inflate the layout for this fragmentreturn inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_setting, container, false);}@Overridepublic void onCreateOptionsMenu(@NonNull Menu menu, @NonNull MenuInflater inflater) {menu.clear();super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);}
效果:
如果你需要监听切换页面,那么对NavController添加切换监听
navController.addOnDestinationChangedListener(new NavController.OnDestinationChangedListener() {@Overridepublic void onDestinationChanged(@NonNull NavController controller, @NonNull NavDestination destination, @Nullable Bundle arguments) {}
});
三、DeepLink
Navigation可以生成通知点击的PendingIntent,用来直接跳转到Fragment,并支持参数传递
public PendingIntent getPendingIntent() {Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putString("name", "张三");return Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView).createDeepLink().setArguments(bundle).setGraph(R.navigation.navigation_graph).setDestination(R.id.settingFragment).createPendingIntent();
}
URI方式也是支持的
在NavigationGraph中使用deepLink标签,params可以以参数传递的方式获取:
<fragmentandroid:id="@+id/settingFragment"android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.SettingFragment"android:label="fragment_setting"tools:layout="@layout/fragment_setting" ><deepLink app:uri="www.aruba.com/{params}"/></fragment>
Manifest.xml中的指定nav-graph:
<activityandroid:name=".MainActivity"android:exported="true"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /><category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /></intent-filter><nav-graph android:value="@navigation/navigation_graph"/></activity>