分布式数据库架构-MyCAT_综合

分布式数据库架构-MyCAT

环境准备：

两台虚拟机 db01 db02
每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310

删除历史环境：

pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330* 
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

创建相关目录初始化数据

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql

准备配置文件和启动脚本

========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOFcat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

修改权限，启动多实例

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
systemctl enable mysqld3307
systemctl enable mysqld3308
systemctl enable mysqld3309
systemctl enable mysqld3310mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

分布式数据库架构-MyCAT

节点主从规划

箭头指向谁是主库10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:330710.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:330710.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:330710.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:330810.0.0.52:3310  ----->     10.0.0.52:330810.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308

分片规划

shard1：Master：10.0.0.51:3307slave1：10.0.0.51:3309Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：Master：10.0.0.52:3308slave1：10.0.0.52:3310Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308slave2：10.0.0.51:3310

开始配置

shard1
10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"db01
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307db01
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307db02
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"shard2
10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'  with grant option;"db02
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"10.0.0.52:3310    ----->       10.0.0.52:3308db02
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308db01
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"

检测主从状态

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:

分布式数据库架构-MyCAT

MySQL分布式架构介绍

分布式数据库架构-MyCAT

schema拆分及业务分库

垂直拆分-分库分表

水平拆分-分片

MyCAT安装

预先安装Java运行环境

[root@db02 ~]# yum install -y java

上传到/application

[root@db02 /server/tools]# wget http://192.168.0.163/mysql/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180117003034-linux.tar.gz
[root@db02 /server/tools]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180117003034-linux.tar.gz

[root@db02 /server/tools]# ll mycat/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  190 Aug 21 17:10 bin
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root    6 Mar  1  2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Aug 21 17:10 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 21 17:10 lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root    6 Jan 17  2018 logs
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  219 Jan 17  2018 version.txt

[root@db02 /server/tools/mycat]# ll conf
autopartition-long.txt
auto-sharding-long.txt
auto-sharding-rang-mod.txt
cacheservice.properties
dbseq.sql
ehcache.xml
index_to_charset.properties
log4j2.xml
migrateTables.properties
myid.properties
partition-hash-int.txt
partition-range-mod.txt
rule.xml
schema.xml
sequence_conf.properties
sequence_db_conf.properties
sequence_distributed_conf.properties
sequence_time_conf.properties
server.xml
sharding-by-enum.txt
wrapper.conf
zkconf
zkdownload

启动和连接

移动到/application下
[root@db02 ~]# mv /server/tools/mycat /application/配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile启动
[root@db02 ~]# mycat start
Starting Mycat-server...连接mycat：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql>

测试数据准备

db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sqlmysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';
source /root/world.sql

核心配置文件使用介绍(schema.xml)

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# pwd
/application/mycat/conf
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />         <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost>  
</mycat:schema>

配置文件的介绍：

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34457768/article/details/81625758

balance属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种： 
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。 
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。 
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。writeType属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种： 
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换 
1 默认值，自动切换 
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  监测心跳

(1) 逻辑库定义
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  
(2) 数据节点定义<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />         
(3) 数据主机定义
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">    <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost>

连接测试读写分离

[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> select @@server_id;    #读
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;   #写
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

读写分离+高可用功能

#将原本的配置文件备份
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak#添加新的配置文件(有四个节点)
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>  
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">  
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 
</schema>  <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />  <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost>        </dataHost>  
</mycat:schema>

拥有了高可用的读写分离

#重启mycat
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066# 读是三个节点轮询
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)#写只有一个节点，现在节点是 7
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

检查高可用功能

节点号的切换与配置文件指定的有关，莫懵

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

#将db01的mysql3307数据库宕掉
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld3307.service #在db02上进mycat库读写
mysql> select @@server_id;  切换为19节点
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          19 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;  3切换为17节点
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

垂直分表

垂直拆分

修改mycat的配置文件：

[root@db02 ~]# cd /application/mycat/conf/
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mv  schema.xml  schema.xml.ha
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"><table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/><table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema><dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /><dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" /><dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost><writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost><dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"><heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat><writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost><writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123"><readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" /></writeHost></dataHost>
</mycat:schema>#重启mycat
mycat restart

创建测试库和表:（db01）

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"#db02上重启mycat
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...

测试垂直分表

#为user表和order表 添加数据,随便添加，只是测试[root@db02 ]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB   |
+----------+
mysql> use TESTDB
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
| user             |
+------------------+mysql> insert into user(id,name) values(2,'wanglaoji');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
...
mysql> select * from user;
+------+-----------+
| id   | name      |
+------+-----------+
|    1 | zs        |
|    2 | wahaha    |
|    3 | quechao   |
+------+-----------+mysql> insert into order_t(id,name) values(99,'lcx');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
...
mysql> select * from order_t;
+------+---------+
| id   | name    |
+------+---------+
|   10 | huiyuan |
|   99 | lcx     |
+------+---------+

查看

#查看3307节点的user表
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
mysql> use taobao
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user             |
+------------------+
mysql> select * from user;
+------+-----------+
| id   | name      |
+------+-----------+
|    1 | zs        |
|    1 | zs        |
|    2 | wahaha    |
|    3 | quechao   |
+------+-----------+#查看3308节点的order表
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
mysql> use taobao
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
+------------------+mysql> select * from order_t;
+------+---------+
| id   | name    |
+------+---------+
|   10 | huiyuan |
|   99 | lcx     |
+------+---------+

MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）

分片：对一个"bigtable"，比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，800w
(2)访问非常频繁分片的目的：
（1）将大数据量进行分布存储
（2）提供均衡的访问路由分片策略：
范围 range  800w  1-400w 400w01-800w
取模 mod    取余数
枚举 
哈希 hash 
时间 流水优化关联查询
全局表
ER分片

范围分片

比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1   1000w01-2000w:sh2）
(2)访问非常频繁，用户访问较离散

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cp  schema.xml schema.xml.1vim schema.xml  #修改这一段
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>  <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /> <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />  vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long"><rule><columns>id</columns><algorithm>rang-long</algorithm></rule>             
<function name="rang-long"class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"><property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>

准备测试环境

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
11-20=1

创建测试表(db01)

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"#db02上重启mycat
mycat restart

测试(db02上)

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> use TESTDB
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| t3               |
| user             |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
| 11 | aa   |
| 12 | bb   |
| 13 | cc   |
| 14 | dd   |
+----+------+
8 rows in set (0.13 sec)

(db01上)

分别登录后端节点查询数据效果

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa   |
| 12 | bb   |
| 13 | cc   |
| 14 | dd   |
+----+------+

取模分片（mod-long）：

取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
vim rule.xml
<property name="count">2</property>准备测试环境创建测试表：(db01)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"重启mycat (db02)
mycat restart

测试：

#db02上添加测试数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');

分别登录后端节点查询数据（db01上）[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | b    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
+----+------+

枚举分片

t5 表
id name telnum
1   bj   1212
2   sh   22222
3   bj   3333
4   sh   44444
5   bj   5555sharding-by-intfile

#db02上
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> 
<rule> <columns>name</columns> 
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> 
</rule> 
</tableRule> <function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> 
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> <property name="type">1</property><property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>

#partition-hash-int.txt 配置： 
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat partition-hash-int.txt 
bj=0 
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1 按照schema.xml中的先后排序，
columns 标识将要分片的表字段，
algorithm 分片函数， 
其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称

准备测试环境

db01上：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"重启mycat 
mycat restart 添加测试数据(db02)
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');

测试效果：

分别登录后端节点查询数据

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | bj   |
|  3 | bj   |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | sh   |
|  4 | sh   |
|  5 | tj   |
+----+------+

Mycat全局表

a   b   c  d   
join 
t select  t1.name   ,t.x  from  t1 
join t 
select  t2.name   ,t.x  from  t2 
join t 
select  t3.name   ,t.x  from  t3 
join t

使用场景：

如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置，
常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大，
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join，
避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。

vim schema.xml 
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id"  type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" /> 后端数据准备(db01)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock 
use taobao
create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 
use taobao
create table t_area  (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);重启mycat (db02)
mycat restart

准备测试环境

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');

测试效果

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+

E-R分片

A join B  为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A   join   B
on  a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id#分片策略 schema.xml
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> <childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" /> 
</table>

扩展

按月的分片策略
crc32slot

逻辑库的操作

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim schema.xml

[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# vim server.xml

mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| oldguo   |
+----------+