新时代大学学术英语综合教程上册
Unit 1 Food Science 参考答案
The words in the box below are either active words or academic words marked in the Academic Word List (AWL). Choose the most suitable one to complete each sentence. Change the form where necessary.
Reading 1
Reading 1 ->Language Enhancement>1
bind compound convert defined exposure
factor impact launch reaction source
1.It has been proven by scientists that continuous
exposure to sound above 80 decibels (分贝) could be harmful to one’s ears.
2.Honey is basically a ***compound***of water, two types of sugar, vitamins and enzymes.
3.Fish is a rich ***source***of protein, which is significant for one’s growth and health.
4.The engineers put up a series of four connected tubes in the water to convert wave motion cleanly into electricity.
5.It is urgent for the ill-managed company to establish more defined responsibilities for each employee to carry out its activities.
6.The technicians’ support is an important factor in the success of our research project.
7.When two or more elements combine and form a compound, a chemical reaction takes place.
8.The public expect the conference to have a marked impact on the future of the national economy.
9.The new liquid spray-on skin technology, which binds to the topmost layer of skin, is a world first Australian invention.
10.The company is about to launch a worldwide advertising campaign to promote its sales.
? Reading 1 > Language Enhancement > 2
Break down Do well to Go for Have an impact on Result in On the safe side
1.One mistake could have *resulted in* A huge loss, so the chemistry experts began the experiments under a lot of tension. (caused)
2.Chemicals in the body *break down* Our food into useful substances. (separate … into simpler substances)
3.Over the last few decades the tremendous growth in information technology *has had an impact on* Our everyday life. (has had a strong effect on)
4.We might *do well to* Add a few additional sources of protein for the sake of a healthy life. (be wise or use good judgment to)
5.The women who *went for* Medical help said the intensity and frequency of the chest pains made them feel they might be related to heart disease. (tried to obtain)
6.To be *on the safe side*, check with your doctor before adding large amounts of protein to your diet. (more careful than may be necessary)
Reading 1 > Language Enhancement > 3
Combine Commercial Comparison Compound Concentration
Concern Consistent Contain Context Convert1.He didn‘t seem *concerned* About his son‘s safety even if >the boy hadn’t come back home.
2.What rate will I get if I *convert* My euros into US >dollars?
3.Our *consistent* Effort and contribution will lead to the >country‘s further development.
4.The movie was not a *commercial* Success because nearly 90% >of the audience didn‘t like it.
5.Please read the paragraph sentence by sentence, trying to >understand the new words from the *context*
6.You should turn off the TV, since this science book requires a >great deal of Concentration
Reading 1 > Language Enhancement > 4
1.This chemical is used in lots of industrial processes, including water purification, and to separate DNA molecules in experiments. (Para. 2)
这种化学物质在很多工业流程中都有使用，包括水净化过程，在实验中也用于分离DNA分子。
2.Acrylamide is made by something called the Maillard reaction, which browns cooked foods and gives them their pleasing flavor. (Para. 3)
丙烯酰胺由米拉德反应产生，这种反应能让被烹饪的食物变成焦黄色，使其香味诱人。
3.The chemical can also be present in breakfast cereals, biscuits and coffee. (Para. 3)。
这种化学物质也存在于早餐谷物、饼干和咖啡中。
4.Animal studies clearly show that acrylamide causes all sorts of cancers, but it‘s hard to relate this to us. (Para. 4)
动物研究清楚地表明丙烯酰胺能导致各种癌症，但跟人类的关系并不太明显。
5.Although evidence from animal studies has shown that acrylamide in food could be linked to cancer, this link isn‘t clear and consistent in humans. (Para. 5)
尽管来自动物研究的证据表明食物中的丙烯酰胺与癌症有关联，但对于人类而言，这种联系并不是很清楚稳定。
6.At low temperatures, an enzyme breaks down the sugar sucrose into glucose and fructose, which can form acrylamide during cooking. (Para. 11)
温度较低时，一种酶会把蔗糖分解为葡萄糖和果糖，这两者会在烹饪过程中组合形成丙烯酰胺.
Reading 2
Reading 2 > Language Enhancement > 1
The words in the box below are either active words or academic words marked in the Academic Word List (AWL). Choose the most suitable one to complete each sentence. Change the form where necessary.
Comparison Enhance Formulation Immune Minimal
Distinct Option Relieve Retain Stock Undergo
1.These people in the coal mine factory had no *Option* But to take the low-paid unattractive work.
2.Hopefully, the multi-national anti-terrorist conference will *enhance* The prospects of world peace.
3.There‘s a lot of evidence that oily fish, as *distinct* From fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.
4.Before testing any new *formulation* Of medicine on children, the doctors have to make very hard judgments about the benefits and risks.
5.Since only a tiny amount of radiation has been released, the World Health Organization believes that the relevant public health risk is *minimal*
6.The cancer patient must first *undergo* Radiation and chemotherapy (化疗) to weaken the original immune system, which is an exhausting experience.
7.His business has been taken over by a big corporation, but he still *retains* Some control over it.
8.HIV (艾滋病毒) is not to undermine one human body organ, but to destroy the body‘s *immune* System, resulting in multiple organ damage.
9.To be on the safe side, some families tend to *stock* Their cellars with food and water in case of emergency.
10.Measures have been taken to *relieve*r The city of its traffic jam, but the problem is not likely to be solved in a short time.
11.Let‘s try a *comparison* Reducing the sun to the size of a golf ball, the earth would be the size of a grain of sand.
Reading 2 > Language Enhancement > 2
Study the phrases in the box below. Choose the most suitable one to complete each sentence with the help of its meaning given in brackets. Change the form where necessary.
Account for Compared with Fall into
Make up Stock up on Take note of
1.When you examine your new apartment or house before buying or renting,
*take note of* Any possible problems with water. (pay careful attention to)
2.The government called on the public to *stock up on* Food, drinkable water, flashlights and first-aid supplies for the coming snowstorms. (provide themselves with a full store of)
3.With the business opening to the world, the company‘s overseas profits now *account for*
Half of its yearly earnings. (make up, form)
4.If you do not *fall into* The above categories, these issues do not apply to you, and you can skip the rest of this section. (belong in)
5.All the many busy and little important things *make up* My daily routines. (form as a whole; constitute)
6.The depth of the ocean will be found to be very inconsiderable *compared with* Its breadth. (in relation to; measured against)
Reading 2 > Language Enhancement > 3
A Match the following words with the corresponding meanings in the box.
\1. enrich v. *improve the quality of sth.*
\2. enforce v. *make people obey a law or force sb. To do sth.*
3.entitle v. *give sb. The right to have or to do sth.*
\3. endanger v. *put sb. Or sth. At risk or in danger*
5.discern v. *notice or understand sth.*
4.disorder n. *failure of part of the body (or mind) to work properly*
7.distinct a. *clearly different or separate*
8distract v. *prevent sb. From giving full attention to sth.*
B
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by choosing the proper words with the prefix “en-” or “dis-” from the box. Change the form where necessary.
Enrich Enforce Entitle Endanger Discern
Disorder Distinct Distract
1.We are sorry to inform you that this ticket does not *entitle* You to travel first class.
2.It was so dark outside that I was just able to *discern* The road.
3.The health of our children is being *endangered* By exhaust gas from vehicles and factories.
4.Don‘t allow noise to *distract* You from your homework.
5.International students *enrich* Our classrooms with their different and new ideas, perspectives, and cultures.
6.He has a very distinct Personality and you can recognize him among these students quickly.
7.Being locked in a dark room, that poor man is declared suffering from mental *disorder*.
8.Some cities are trying to *enforce* Their anti-noise laws more strictly.
Reading 2 > Language Enhancement > 4
Translate into Chinese the following passage that serves as a summary of Reading 2, paying special attention to the word “process” with multiple meanings.
1.Processed foods have been altered from their natural state, either for safety reasons or because it makes them easier to store or easier to use.
加工食品改变了食物的自然状态，原因可能是出于安全考虑或者为了存放或使用更方便。
2.We usually think of processed foods as being bad. In truth, many of them are, but some types of processed foods are beneficial. Not all processes are detrimental. Some ingredients can undergo changes, like being frozen, fermented or sprouted, that makes them equally or more nutritious than they once were.
我们一般觉得加工食品不好，事实上，很多加工食品的确不好，但也有一些类型的加工食品是有益的。并非所有的加工过程都有破坏性。有些食物成分经过冷冻、发酵、发芽等状态改变后，营养成分并不会减少，甚至会比以前更有营养。
3.When you do include some processed (not ultra-processed) foods in your grocery cart, consider the following: sprouted foods are nutritious; fermented foods contain probiotics; frozen foods retain more vitamins.
如果一定要买加工（不是超加工）食物的话，请考虑以下因素：发芽的食物营养丰富；发酵食物含有益生菌；冷冻食品保留了更多维生素。
Listening Comprehension
Listening Comprehension > Task 1
1.Israeli scientists have found a way to significantly *slow down* The decomposition by altering their *genetic* Make-up.
2.But it took these findings *a step further* To isolate the specific gene that drives the ageing process in bananas and *interrupt* Its normal function.
3.Lab tests show that the genetic intervention does not harm the bananas‘ *quality or taste*.
4.The team now hope to *find ways* To commercialize the findings to *benefit* Farmers and wholesalers.
Listening Comprehension > Task 2
\1. The scientists who conduct research on GM bananas are from B.
A. India
*B. Israel*
C. America
\2. This new study has made breakthroughs on the basis of prior research on GM C__.
A. beans
B. potatoes
*C. tomatoes*
\3. The particular gene that B__ in bananas has been identified by the scientists.
A. blocks the growing process
*B. accelerates the ageing process*
C. intervenes with the ripening process
Viewing Comprehension
Viewing Comprehension > Task 1
1.Key words: Meat
Related information
Meat causes more 1)
emissions Than all of 2)
*transportation* Combined. We as a society 3)
*are eating twice as much meat* As we did in the 50s.
2.Key words: Solution
Related information
Problem: Why am I not a vegetarian?
A binary solution: either you‘re 4)
*a meat eater* Or you‘re 5)*a vegetarian*
A third solution: becoming 6)*a weekday vegetarian*.
3.Key words: Weekday veg (vegetarian)
Related information
Definition: 7)
*Nothing with a face* , Monday to Friday. On the weekend, 8)
*your choice*.
Viewing Comprehension > Task 2
Play Video
Watch again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
F 1.Environmentally, meat causes as many emissions as all of transportation combined.
F 2.The speaker was very determined to be a vegetarian after he realized the danger of hamburgers
T 3.Red and processed meats cause more environmental damage and healthy problems than fish does.
T 4.According to the speaker, to be a weekday vegetarian will greatly benefit our health and the environment.