性格多面观(或译人格心理学)是我在大二上学期阅读的一本原版心理学读物，做以下摘抄和总结，希望能启发到你。
七个研究人格的角度-Seven perspectives
(1) Dispositional
People have relatively stable qualities that are displaced in different settings
(2) Biological
Personality is genetically based
(3) Psychoanalytic
Personality is a set of internal forces that compete and conflict with each other
(4) Neoanalytic
Concerning the ego and its development, and the importance of social relationships in personality and its functioning.
(5) Learning
Change in behavior, rather than consistency, is paramount. Human experience changes systematically as a result of experience. In this view, Personality is the integrated sum of whatever the person has learned up till now.
(6) Phenomenological
The roots of this perspective can be traced to 2 core ideas.
①subjective experience is important, valuable, meaningful—and unique. Individuality and finding ones way to the inner essence of ones being are vitally important.
②People tend naturally toward self-perfection and that all people can move themselves in that direction by exercising their free will to do so. Self-determination is central to this view of human nature. Personality is partly a matter of uniqueness hidden within, and partly a matter of what the person chooses to make of it.
(7) Cognitive Self-regulation
Human nature is seen as machine-like. The nervous system is a giant organic computer with decision rules and patterns of information storage and use that in ways resemble those of today’s silicon-andmetal computers. Another aspect of this view is that people are selfregulating systems, setting goals and checking on progress toward these goals.
思考
It is tough to get precise prediction without losing the capability of dealing with complex realities. The field of personality addresses two fundamental issues.
① the existence of differences among people.
②how best to conceptualize intrapersonal functioning——the processes that take place within all persons, giving form and continuity to behavior.
词汇表
Sociopathy 社会病态 反社会人格
Topography 地形学
The model of mind
Sublimation 升华作用
Catharsis 精神发泄
Libidinal 本能的
Latency 潜伏
Parapraxis 动作倒错
Genital 生殖的
Resiliency 弹性
Epigenetic 外遗传的 后生的
Narcissism 自恋
Reinforcement 加固 加强
Instrumental 有帮助的
Maladaptive 适应不良的
Therapeutic 治疗的
Reactance 反作用
Episodic 偶然发生的 插曲式的
Streak 条纹 线条 疾驰 ：Personal distinctiveness
Orientation 方向 定向 个人的态 度 取向
Sexual -- Parsimony 吝啬 过度节俭
Prologue 开场白 序言
Focal 焦点的 受关注的
Moor 沼泽 荒野
Vantage 有力情况 ：Vantage point
Construe 分析 解释： Intrapersonal functioning