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嵌入式内核及驱动开发-01设备驱动环境搭建(交叉开发, tftp,nfs,内核启动,根文件系统制作)

热度:72   发布时间:2024-01-20 09:27:08.0

文章目录

  • Linux驱动开发环境搭建
    • ubuntu中配置编译环境
      • 设置交叉工具链:
      • 设置环境变量:
      • 更新脚本:
    • 运行开发
      • a,通过tftp去启动内核
      • b,通过nfs去挂载rootfs
    • 可以开始去编写代码--开发驱动
      • a, 编译内核
        • 移植dm9000
        • 配置内核:
      • b, 编写驱动代码
      • c,编译驱动代码--Makefile(被读取两次: make 2,内核源码中Makefile)
      • d,加载ko

Linux驱动开发环境搭建

ubuntu中配置编译环境

设置交叉工具链:

tar -xvf gcc-4.6.4.tar.xz -C  ~/Linux_4412/toolchain

设置环境变量:

vim  ~/.bashrc  最后面添加
export PATH=$PATH:/home/george/Linux_4412/toolchain/gcc-4.6.4/bin

更新脚本:

source ~/.bashrcarm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/george/Linux_4412/toolchain/gcc-4.6.4/bin/
../libexec/gcc/arm-arm1176jzfssf-linux-gnueabi/4.6.4/lto-wrapper

运行开发

a,通过tftp去启动内核

1,将uImage和dtb文件放入到ubuntu中/tftpboot
2,在开发板中设置uboot参数,使其能够去加载内核
set ipaddr 192.168.7.22
set serverip 192.168.7.21
set bootcmd tftp 0x41000000 uImage \; tftp 0x42000000 exynos4412-fs4412.dtb \; bootm 0x41000000 - 0x42000000
save

b,通过nfs去挂载rootfs

1,需要一个跟文件系统目录--rootfs.tar.xz,需要解压到ubuntu
sudo tar -xvf rootfs.tar.xz  -C /opt/4412/2, 配置nfs服务器(需要安装),让/opt/4412/rootfs可以被挂载
sudo vim /etc/exports
/opt/4412/rootfs                *(subtree_check,rw,no_root_squash,async)sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart  //重启nfs服务器测试:
sudo mount -t nfs localhost:/opt/4412/rootfs   /mnt
3,在开发中去指定内核要挂载/opt/4412/rootfs--切换到开发操作
set bootargs console=ttySAC2,115200 init=/linuxrc root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.7.21:/opt/4412/rootfs ip=192.168.7.22
save解释:
bootargs 是uboot传递给内核到启动参数,是一个字符串console=xxx: 告诉内核启动时候到调试信息是从哪个设备输出
init=xxx:  告诉内核linux到第一个用户进程是什么
root=xxx : 告诉内核根文件系统在哪里
root=/dev/nfs 表示根文件系统在网路远端
nfsroot=ip:path
ip=xxx :告诉内核开机的时候内核的ip地址是多少(静态分配ip)

可以开始去编写代码–开发驱动

a, 编译内核

 tar -xvf linux-3.14.tar.xz

步骤:

1,设置交叉工具链--uImage也运行arm开发板
vim  Makefile
ARCH = arm
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
2, 选择一个soc	,可以支持很多到soc,所以必须挑出针对我们到平台到代码
make exynos_defconfig
//  cp -raf  arch/arm/configs/exynos_defconfig   .config3,make menuconfig 内核裁剪,产生一个图像界面
System Type  ---> 
(2) S3C UART to use for low-level messages
4,make uImage  : 编译内核//如果编译报错:缺mkimage
sudo cp -raf mkimage  /usr/bin/
sudo chmod 777 /usr/bin/
重新在make uImage5,编译设备树文件--描述设备信息--最终要编译成dtb
以一个默认到dts为参考,变成我们自己想要的dtsarch/arm/boot/dts$ cp exynos4412-origen.dts exynos4412-fs4412.dtsarch/arm/boot/dts$ vim Makefile
70行        exynos4412-fs4412.dtb \回到内核源码顶层目录:
george@ubuntu:~/Linux_4412/kernel/linux-3.14$ make dtbs
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4210-origen.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4210-smdkv310.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4210-trats.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4210-universal_c210.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-odroidx.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-origen.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-fs4412.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-smdk4412.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-tiny4412.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-trats2.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5250-arndale.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5250-smdk5250.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5250-snow.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5420-arndale-octa.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5420-smdk5420.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5440-sd5v1.dtb
DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos5440-ssdk5440.dtb使用uImag和dtb文件
cp -raf arch/arm/boot/uImage  /tftpboot
cp -raf arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-fs4412.dtb /tftpboot
移植dm9000
实际是设备树文件修改
vim   arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-fs4412.dts
添加如下内容:
srom-cs1@5000000 { 
compatible = "simple-bus"; 
#address-cells = <1>; 
#size-cells = <1>; 
reg = <0x5000000 0x1000000>; 
ranges; ethernet@5000000 { 
compatible = "davicom,dm9000"; 
reg = <0x5000000 0x2 0x5000004 0x2>; 
interrupt-parent = <&gpx0>; 
interrupts = <6 4>; 
davicom,no-eeprom; 
mac-address = [00 0a 2d a6 55 a2]; 
}; 
}; 保存退出后,需要再次编译dts文件
make dtbs
配置内核:
make menuconfig
[*] Networking support   --->
Networking options   ---><*> Packet socket<*> Unix domain sockets [*] TCP/IP networking[*]    IP: kernel level autoconfiguration[*]     IP: BOOTP supportDevice Drivers   --->[*] Network device support   --->[*]    Ethernet driver support (NEW)   ---><*>    DM9000 support
File systems   --->
[*] Network File Systems (NEW)   ---><*>    NFS client support[*]  NFS client support for NFS version 2 [*]      NFS client support for NFS version 3[*]        NFS client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension[*]    Root file system on NFS
退出到时候要保存:
再次编译内核:
make  uImage -j2cp -raf arch/arm/boot/uImage  /tftpboot
cp -raf arch/arm/boot/dts/exynos4412-fs4412.dtb /tftpboot在开发板中到uboot设置中,添加一个参数	clk_ignore_unused		
set bootargs  clk_ignore_unused console=ttySAC2,115200 init=/linuxrc root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.7.21:/opt/4412/rootfs ip=192.168.7.22 重新启动开发板

b, 编写驱动代码

1,用什么工具去写---source insight(看代码的工具)
环境搭建\烧录镜像和工具\si_linux3.14-ori.tgz
解压到内核源码的顶层目录:tar  -xvf   si_linux3.14-ori.tgz2,怎么写
在souceinsght去写驱动代码需要有四个部分
1,头文件
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
2,驱动模块装载和卸载函数入口到声明
module_init(hello_drv_init);
module_exit(hello_drv_exit);
3,实现模块装载和卸载函数入口
static int __init hello_drv_init(void)
{return 0;
}static void __exit hello_drv_exit(void)
{}
4,GPL声明
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

c,编译驱动代码–Makefile(被读取两次: make 2,内核源码中Makefile)

ROOTFS_DIR = /opt/4412/rootfsifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE), )
#内核源码到路径,不同环境会不一样,内核源码一定要先编译
KERNEL_DIR = /home/george/Linux_4412/kernel/linux-3.14
CUR_DIR = $(shell pwd)all :
make -C  $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(CUR_DIR) modulesclean :
make -C  $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(CUR_DIR) cleaninstall:
cp -raf *.ko   $(ROOTFS_DIR)/drv_moduleelse
#用于指定到底编译哪个代码--hello.c
obj-m += hello.oendif

d,加载ko

[root@farsight drv_module]# insmod hello.ko
[ 2789.700000] -------hello_drv_init-------------[root@farsight drv_module]# lsmod
hello 805 0 - Live 0xbf000000 (O)
[root@farsight drv_module]# rmmod hello
rmmod: can't change directory to '/lib/modules': No such file or directory
[root@farsight drv_module]# mkdir /lib/modules[root@farsight drv_module]# rmmod hello
rmmod: can't change directory to '3.14.0': No such file or directory
[root@farsight drv_module]# mkidr /lib/modules/3.14.0[root@farsight drv_module]# rmmod hello
[ 2903.230000] -------hello_drv_exit-------------