转载地址:https://my.oschina.net/imot/blog/289208
一、 环境描述
Linux server A (CentOS release 5.8 Final) 实IP:192.168.4.97 虚IP:192.168.4.96
Linux server B (CentOS release 5.8 Final) 实IP:192.168.4.99 虚IP:192.168.4.98
域名环境(DNS轮询解析到虚IP):
server.osapub.com 192.168.4.96
server.osapub.com 192.168.4.98
二、 简单架构示意图
描述:前端两台NGINX做DNS轮询,通过虚IP漂移+HA监控脚本相结合,实现前端两台NGINX高可用,利用NGINX反向代理功能对后端varnish实现高可用集群。
三、软件环境搭建
3.1 编译安装nginx
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#!/bin/bash
####nginx 环境安装脚本,注意环境不同可能导致脚本运行出错,如果环境不同建议手工一条一条执行指令。#创建工作目录
mkdir -p /dist/{dist,src}
cd /dist/dist#下载安装包
wget http://bbs.osapub.com/down/google-perftools-1.8.3.tar.gz &> /dev/null
wget http://bbs.osapub.com/down/libunwind-0.99.tar.gz &> /dev/null
wget http://bbs.osapub.com/down/pcre-8.01.tar.gz &> /dev/null
wget http://bbs.osapub.com/down/nginx-1.0.5.tar.gz &> /dev/null#------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 使用Google的开源TCMalloc库,忧化性能cd /dist/src
tar zxf ../dist/libunwind-0.99.tar.gz
cd libunwind-0.99/## 注意这里不能加其它 CFLAGS加速编译参数CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
make clean
make CFLAGS=-fPIC
make CFLAGS=-fPIC install
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; thenecho "libunwind-0.99安装成功." >> ./install_log.txt
elseecho "libunwind-0.99安装失败." >> ./install_log.txtexit 1
fi##----------------------------------------------------------
## 使用Google的开源TCMalloc库,提高MySQL在高并发情况下的性能cd /dist/src
tar zxf ../dist/google-perftools-1.8.3.tar.gz
cd google-perftools-1.8.3/CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" \
./configuremake clean
make && make install
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; thenecho "google-perftools-1.8.3安装成功." >> ./install_log.txt
elseecho "google-perftools-1.8.3安装失败." >> ./install_log.txtexit 1
fiecho "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
/sbin/ldconfig################ 安装nginx ##########################
#安装Nginx所需的pcre库cd /dist/src
tar zxvf ../dist/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" \
./configure
make && make install
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; thenecho "pcre-8.01安装成功." >> ./install_log.txt
elseecho "pcre-8.01安装失败." >> ./install_log.txtexit 1
fi
cd ../## 安装Nginx
## 为优化性能,可以安装 google 的 tcmalloc ,之前己经安装过了
## 所以我们编译 Nginx 时,加上参数 --with-google_perftools_module
## 然后在启动nginx前需要设置环境变量 export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so
## 加上 -O2 参数也能优化一些性能
##
## 默认的Nginx编译选项里居然是用 debug模式的(-g参数),在 auto/cc/gcc 文件最底下,去掉那个 -g 参数
## 就是将 CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g" 修改为 CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" 或者直接删除这一行cd /dist/src
rm -rf nginx-1.0.5
tar zxf ../dist/nginx-1.0.5.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.5/sed -i 's#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS "#' auto/cc/gccmake cleanCHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" \
./configure --user=www --group=www \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-google_perftools_modulemake && make install
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; thenecho "nginx-1.0.5安装成功." >> ./install_log.txt
elseecho "nginx-1.0.5安装失败." >> ./install_log.txtexit 1
fi
cd ../#创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logscd /usr/local/nginx/
mv conf conf_bak
ln -s /data/conf/nginx/ confecho 'export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so' > /root/nginx_start
echo 'ulimit -SHn 51200' >> /root/nginx_start
echo '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' >> /root/nginx_startecho '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t' > /root/nginx_reload
echo 'kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`' >> /root/nginx_reloadchmod 700 /root/nginx_*
3.2 编译安装varnish
#!/bin/bash
#进入工作目录
cd /dist/dist#下载安装包
wget <a href="\"http://bbs.osapub.com/down/varnish-3.0.0.tar.gz\"" target="\"_blank\"">http://bbs.osapub.com/down/varnish-3.0.0.tar.gz</a> &> /dev/null
cd /dist/src
rm -fr varnish-3.0.0
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
tar zxvf ../dist/varnish-3.0.0.tar.gz
cd varnish-3.0.0
#编译参数可以根据自己需要定制
./configure -prefix=/usr/local/varnish -enable-debugging-symbols -enable-developer-warnings -enable-dependency-tracking
make && make install
if [ "$?" == "0" ]; thenecho "varnish-3.0.0安装成功." >> ./install_log.txt
elseecho "varnish-3.0.0安装失败." >> ./install_log.txtexit 1
fi#设置启动、重启脚本
cat > /root/varnish_restart.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
pkill varnish
pkill varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /data/varnish -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:81 -s malloc,12G -g www -u www -w 4000,12000,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p http_max_hdr=256 -p http_req_hdr_len=8192
EOFcat > /root/varnish_start.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /data/varnish -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:81 -s malloc,12G -g www -u www -w 4000,12000,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p http_max_hdr=256 -p http_req_hdr_len=8192
EOFchmod 755 /root/varnish*
三、 配置varnish一些参数说明:
Backend servers
Varnish有后端(或称为源)服务器的概念。后端服务器是指Varnish提供加速服务的那台,通常提供内容。
第一件要做的事情是告诉Varnish,哪里能找到要加速的内容。
vcl_recv
vcl_recv是在请求开始时调用的。完成该子程序后,请求就被接收并解析了。用于确定是否需要服务请求,怎么服务,如果可用,使用哪个后端。
在vcl_recv中,你也可以修改请求。通常你可以修改cookie,或添加/移除请求头信息。
注意在vcl_recv中,只可以使用请求对象req。
vcl_fetch
vcl_fetch是在文档从后端被成功接收后调用的。通常用于调整响应头信息,触发ESI处理,万一请求失败就换个后端服务器。
在vcl_fecth中,你还可以使用请求对象req。还有个后端响应对象beresp。Beresp包含了后端的HTTP头信息。
varnish 3.X 配置参考文档:http://anykoro.sinaapp.com/?p=261
编辑:/usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf ,文件不存在则创建。注意:Server A 与server B 配置一致!
配置详情如下:
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###########后台代理服务器########backend server_osapub_com{.host = "192.168.4.97";.port = "82";
}acl purge {"localhost";"127.0.0.1";
}#############################################sub vcl_recv {#################BAN##########################beginif (req.request == "BAN") {# Same ACL check as above:if (!client.ip ~ purge) {error 405 "Not allowed.";}ban("req.http.host == " + req.http.host +"&& req.url == " + req.url);error 200 "Ban added";}#################BAN##########################end###############配置域名##################################if(req.http.host ~ "^server.osapub.com" ||req.http.host ~ ".osapub.com" ) {#使用哪一组后台服务器set req.backend = server_osapub_com;}##################################################if (req.restarts == 0) {if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) {set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip;}else {set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;}}if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|swf)$") {remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;} elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";}elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";}else {remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;}}if (req.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") {return (pass);}if (req.request != "GET" &&req.request != "HEAD" &&req.request != "PUT" &&req.request != "POST" &&req.request != "TRACE" &&req.request != "OPTIONS" &&req.request != "DELETE") {return (pipe);}if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {return(pass);} if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie ||req.http.Authenticate) {return (pass);} if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "(?i)\.php($|\?)"){return (pass);}if (req.url ~ "\.(css|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|swf)$") {unset req.http.Cookie;} return (lookup);}sub vcl_fetch {set beresp.grace = 5m;if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status == 503 || beresp.status == 500 || beresp.status == 502) {set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: beresp.status";set beresp.http.X-Cacheable-status = beresp.status;return (hit_for_pass);}#决定哪些头不缓存if (req.url ~ "\.(php|shtml|asp|aspx|jsp|js|ashx)$") {return (hit_for_pass);}if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|swf)$") {unset beresp.http.set-cookie;}if (beresp.ttl <= 0s) {set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: !beresp.cacheable";return (hit_for_pass);}else {unset beresp.http.expires;}return (deliver);}sub vcl_deliver {if (resp.http.magicmarker) {unset resp.http.magicmarker;set resp.http.age = "0";}# add cache hit data
if (obj.hits > 0) {set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT";set resp.http.X-Cache-Hits = obj.hits;
}
else {set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
}# hidden some sensitive http header returning to client, when the cache server received from backend server response
remove resp.http.X-Varnish;
remove resp.http.Via;
remove resp.http.Age;
remove resp.http.X-Powered-By;
remove resp.http.X-Drupal-Cache;return (deliver);
}sub vcl_error {if (obj.status == 503 && req.restarts < 5) {set obj.http.X-Restarts = req.restarts;return (restart);}}sub vcl_hit {if (req.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") {if (! (req.http.Via || req.http.User-Agent ~ "bot|MSIE")) {set obj.ttl = 0s;return (restart);}
}return(deliver);
}
配置完成后执行:/root/varnish_start.sh 如果启动成功则表示配置无误!
四、 配置nginx编辑: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ,nginx 的配置方法请参考网上文档资料。
Server A(192.168.4.97) nginx配置如下:
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user www www;
worker_processes 16;
error_log /logs/nginx/nginx_error.log crit;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65500;events
{use epoll;worker_connections 65500;
}http
{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 64k;large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;client_max_body_size 10m;server_tokens off;expires 1h;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;fastcgi_connect_timeout 200;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 600;fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm;gzip on;gzip_min_length 2048;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain text/css application/xml application/x-javascript ;log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';################# include ###################upstream varnish_server {server 127.0.0.1:81 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;server 192.168.4.99:81 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;ip_hash;}server{listen 80;server_name 192.168.4.96 192.168.4.98;index index.html index.htm index.php index.aspx;location /{proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_connect_timeout 200;proxy_send_timeout 300;proxy_read_timeout 500;proxy_buffer_size 256k;proxy_buffers 4 128k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;proxy_temp_path /dev/shm;proxy_pass http://varnish_server;expires off;access_log /logs/nginx/192.168.4.96.log access;}}server{listen 82;server_name 192.168.4.97;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/web/awstats/www;location ~ .*\.php${include fcgi.conf;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;fastcgi_index index.php;expires off;}access_log /logs/nginx/awstats.osapub.com.log access;} }
server B (192.168.4.99)配置如下:
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user www www;
worker_processes 16;
error_log /logs/nginx/nginx_error.log crit;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65500;events
{use epoll;worker_connections 65500;
}http
{include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;client_header_buffer_size 64k;large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;client_max_body_size 10m;server_tokens off;expires 1h;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;fastcgi_connect_timeout 200;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 600;fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_path /dev/shm;gzip on;gzip_min_length 2048;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain text/css application/xml application/x-javascript ;log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';################# include ###################upstream varnish_server {server 127.0.0.1:81 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;server 192.168.4.97:81 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;ip_hash;}server{listen 80;server_name 192.168.4.96 192.168.4.98;index index.html index.htm index.php index.aspx;location /{proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_connect_timeout 200;proxy_send_timeout 300;proxy_read_timeout 500;proxy_buffer_size 256k;proxy_buffers 4 128k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;proxy_temp_path /dev/shm;proxy_pass http://varnish_server;expires off;access_log /logs/nginx/192.168.4.98.log access;}}server{listen 82;server_name 192.168.4.99;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/web/awstats/www;location ~ .*\.php${include fcgi.conf;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;fastcgi_index index.php;expires off;}access_log /logs/nginx/awstats.osapub.com.log access;} }
启动nginx:
/root/nginx_start
启动正常会监听80,82端口!
五、 运行nginx ha脚本
server A 的脚本下载地址:http://bbs.osapub.com/down/server_a_ha.tar.gz
解压力后得到三个脚本:
nginx_watchdog.sh
nginxha.sh
nginx_ha1.sh
server B 的脚本下载地址:http://bbs.osapub.com/down/server_b_ha.tar.gz
解压力后得到三个脚本:
nginx_watchdog.sh
nginxha.sh
nginx_ha2.sh
注意:脚本建议放到:/data/sh/ha 目录下,否则需要修改nginxha.sh 里面的程序路径!
六、 测试1,测试之前先把nginx 负载去掉,可以在前面加#号暂时注释,只保留本机解析,确保测试结果准确。
2,修改本机host文件
添加:192.168.4.99 server.osapub.com 到末尾,保存后访问。
3,正常结果显示如下:
到这里整个架构基本能运行起来了,根据大家的实际需求,对配置文件进行调优,HA脚本也可以进一步调优,关于报警,请参考社区自动安装mutt报警的脚本!