使用Contacts Contract Content Provider操作通讯录最佳实践

Android向所有被赋予READ_CONTACTS权限的应用程序提供了联系人信息数据库的完全访问权限。Contacts Contract使用3层数据模型去存储数据，下面介绍Contacts Contract的子类：
1.Data 表中的每行都定义了个人的数据集（电话号码，email地址，等等），用MIME类型区分开。尽管有为每个个人数据的类型预定义可用的列名（ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds里装有合适的MIME类型），此表能被用来存储任何值。
当向Data表中加入数据的时候，你需要指定与数据集相关的Raw Contact。
2.RawContacts 从Android 2.0（API 5）向前，用户可以增加多个联系人账户的Provider。RawContacts表中的每行定义了一个与数据集相关的账户。说白了就是账户信息。

3.Contacts Contacts表的行聚合了RawContacts中的数据，每行代表了不同的人信息。

读取联系人详情：

首先在庆典文件中添加权限：<uses-permission android:name=”android.permission.READ_CONTACTS”/>

然后是访问Contacts Contract Content Provider：

private String[] getNames() {/*** Listing 8-36: Accessing the Contacts Contract Contact Content Provider*/// Create a projection that limits the result Cursor// to the required columns.String[] projection = {ContactsContract.Contacts._ID,ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME};// Get a Cursor over the Contacts Provider.Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI,projection, null, null, null);// Get the index of the columns.int nameIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME);int idIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID);// Initialize the result set.String[] result = new String[cursor.getCount()];// Iterate over the result Cursor.while(cursor.moveToNext()) {// Extract the name.String name = cursor.getString(nameIdx);// Extract the unique ID.String id = cursor.getString(idIdx);result[cursor.getPosition()] = name + " (" + id + ")";} // Close the Cursor.cursor.close();//return result;}

找到联系人姓名的联系信息：

 private String[] getNameAndNumber() {/*** Listing 8-37: Finding contact details for a contact name*/ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();String[] result = null;// Find a contact using a partial name matchString searchName = "andy";Uri lookupUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,searchName);// Create a projection of the required column names.String[] projection = new String[] {ContactsContract.Contacts._ID};// Get a Cursor that will return the ID(s) of the matched name.Cursor idCursor = cr.query(lookupUri, projection, null, null, null);// Extract the first matching ID if it exists.String id = null;if (idCursor.moveToFirst()) {int idIdx = idCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID);id = idCursor.getString(idIdx);}// Close that Cursor.idCursor.close();// Create a new Cursor searching for the data associated with the returned Contact ID.if (id != null) {// Return all the PHONE data for the contact.String where = ContactsContract.Data.CONTACT_ID + " = " + id + " AND " +ContactsContract.Data.MIMETYPE + " = '" +ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE +"'";projection = new String[] {ContactsContract.Data.DISPLAY_NAME,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER};Cursor dataCursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.Data.CONTENT_URI,projection, where, null, null);// Get the indexes of the required columns.int nameIdx = dataCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Data.DISPLAY_NAME);int phoneIdx = dataCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER);result = new String[dataCursor.getCount()];while(dataCursor.moveToNext()) {// Extract the name.String name = dataCursor.getString(nameIdx);// Extract the phone number.String number = dataCursor.getString(phoneIdx);result[dataCursor.getPosition()] = name + " (" + number + ")";}dataCursor.close();}return result;}

Contacts子类还提供了电话号码查找URI，用来帮助找到与特定电话号码相关的联系人，执行呼叫者ID查找：

private String performCallerId() {/*** Listing 8-38: Performing a caller-ID lookup*/String incomingNumber = "(650)253-0000";String result = "Not Found";Uri lookupUri =Uri.withAppendedPath(ContactsContract.PhoneLookup.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,incomingNumber);String[] projection = new String[] {ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME};Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(lookupUri,projection, null, null, null);if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {int nameIdx = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME);result = cursor.getString(nameIdx);}cursor.close();return result;}

使用Intent创建和选择联系人，这是一种最佳的实践做法，其优势在于用户在执行相同任务的时候看到的一致的界面，这可以避免用户感到混淆，并且改善用户体验，下面是悬着一个联系人：

  private static int PICK_CONTACT = 0;private void pickContact() {Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK,ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);  startActivityForResult(intent, PICK_CONTACT);  }

当选择好之后，作为返回Intent的data属性内的URI返回：

@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);if ((requestCode == PICK_CONTACT) && (resultCode == RESULT_OK)) {resultTextView.setText(data.getData().toString());}}

插入新联系人：，当然这需要一个权限：

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"/>

之后就可以插入联系人啦！

Intent intent = new Intent(ContactsContract.Intents.SHOW_OR_CREATE_CONTACT,ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:(650)253-0000"));intent.putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.COMPANY, "Google");intent.putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.POSTAL, "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California");startActivity(intent);