文章目录
- 一、Tracking progress
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- 1.What is a project schedule, an activity, and a milestone
- 2.Work breakdown and activity graphs
- 3.Estimating completion
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- (1)CPM (Critical Path Method) (*)
- (2)Slack time for an activity
- 4.Tools to track progress
- 二、Project personnel
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- 1.Staff roles and characteristics
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- (1)Communication
- 2.Work styles
- 3.Project organization
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- (1)Depend on three factors
- (2)Chief programmer team
- (3)Egoless approach无私方法
- 三、Effort estimation
- 四、Risk management activities
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- 1.What is a risk?
- 2.Steps in risk management
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- Risk exposure calculation
- 3.How to reduce risk?
一、Tracking progress
1.What is a project schedule, an activity, and a milestone
2.Work breakdown and activity graphs
4 parameters to describe an activity: precursor, duration, due date, and endpoint
Activity graph
3.Estimating completion
(1)CPM (Critical Path Method) (*)
(2)Slack time for an activity
都以Activity(前者-后者)的前者为基准。
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Critical path关键路线 :
从开始到结束得所有路径中,所用时间最长的为关键路径(有可能有多条相同的)。 -
最早开始时间(以前者为基准):
在关键路径上,从开始到该任务的最早执行的时间
第一个结点(开始结点)的最早执行的时间是1,不是0.
其他结点的最早开始时间为:[从开始结点到Activity前者结点经过的最长的时间总长]+1 -
最晚开始时间(以前者为基准):
关键路径的总时间-反向得出该任务的时间
关键路径上的Activity(前者、后者都在)的最晚开始时间是同最早开始时间。
其他结点的最晚开始时间为:关键路线的总时长 - [从结束结点到Activity前者结点经过的最长的时间总长]+1 -
Slack time松弛时间:
第一种求法:最晚开始时间-最早开始时间
第二种求法:关键路径的总时间-包含该任务的关键路径花的时间
关键路径上的Activity(前者、后者都在)的Slack time为0. -
Precursors前驱结点:
是Activity(前者-后者)中前者的前驱结点。
【应用题1】
比如:
2-3的最早开始时间为3+1=4,最晚开始时间为=15-(2+2+3)+1=9
2-4的最早开始时间为3+1=4,最晚开始时间为=15-(5+2+3)+1=6
3-7的最早开始时间为2+3+1=6,最晚开始时间为=15-(2+3)+1=11
5-7的最早开始时间为3+3+1=7,最晚开始时间为=15-(3+6)+1=7
【应用题2】
F-H的最早时间和C-F、D-F的最晚时间中的经过时间都是取得经过的最长时间
4.Tools to track progress
Gantt chart
二、Project personnel
1.Staff roles and characteristics
(1)Communication
If there is n worker in project, then there are n(n-1)/2 pairs of communication.
【选择题】
- There are ( 15 )communications paths in a team with 6 members.
2.Work styles
- Extroverts(外向): tell their thoughts
- Introverts(内向): ask for suggestions
- Intuitives(直觉): base decisions on feelings
- Rationals(理智): base decisions on facts, options
【选择题】 - Shane is an efficient leader(外向的).He knows what he wants and relies on his own experiences and logic to make decisions.(依据逻辑)He does not feel the need for extensive information before making a decision.He is capable of making fast decisions.Shane’s work style would be described best as ( Rational extrover )
3.Project organization
(1)Depend on three factors
- backgrounds and work styles of team members
- number of people on team
- management styles of customers and developers
(2)Chief programmer team
【选择题】
- A chief programmer team is not suited for ( adopting a new programming language )projects.
(3)Egoless approach无私方法
题:
【选择题】
- An egoless approach is suited for adopting a new programming language.(采取新的编程语言)
三、Effort estimation
Can not produce accurate estimates
Effort estimation techniques – expert judgment, algorithmic methods, machine-learning ethods
四、Risk management activities
1.What is a risk?
2.Steps in risk management
分为Risk assessment风险评估和Risk control风险控制:
- Risk assessment风险评估:
- Risk identification风险定义
- Risk analysis风险分析
- Risk prioritization风险优先次序
- Risk control风险控制:
- Risk reduction风险减少
- Risk management planning风险管理计划
- Risk resolution风险解决
【选择题】
- (Risk management planning)is not an activity of risk assessment.
Risk exposure calculation
Risk exposure(成本) = (risk probability) x (risk impact)
【应用题1】
【应用题2】