当前位置: 代码迷 >> 综合 >> 【Excel】Java 操作 Excel 的两种方式:POI、EasyExcel
  详细解决方案

【Excel】Java 操作 Excel 的两种方式:POI、EasyExcel

热度:61   发布时间:2024-01-10 14:14:20.0

1. 了解 POI 和 EasyExcel

Java 中,常见的用来操作 Excel 的方式有 2 种:POI、EasyExcel。主要用于:对 Excel 进行导入、导出。

  • POI:Apache。一种原生操作 Excel(复杂)
    • HSSF : 读写 Microsoft Excel XLS 格式文档
    • XSSF : 读写 Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX 格式文档
    • SXSSF : 读写 Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX 格式文档(优化)
  • EasyExcel:更像是一种框架操作 Excel(简单)

它们的区别:

  • POI:把要写入的数据全加载到内存中,然后一次性地写数据。容易 OOM
  • EasyExcel:一行一行地写

2. POI

使用 POI 操作 Excel 时,API 中有三个不同的对象:HSSF 、XSSF、SXSSF。将它们进行比较:

  • HSSF:文档后缀 .xls(03版本的 excel)
    • 缺点:只能操作小于或等于 65536 行,否则,会抛出异常
    • 优点:过程中写入缓存,不操作磁盘,最后,一次性写入磁盘,速度快
  • XSSF:文档后缀 .xlsx(07版本的 excel)
    • 缺点:写数据时非常慢(边读边写),非常耗内存,也会发生内存溢出。如:100万条
    • 优点:可以写较大的数据量。如:20万条
  • SXSSF:文档后缀 .xlsx(07版本的 excel)
    • 缺点:需要清除临时文件(((SXSSFWorkbook) workBook).dispose())
    • 优点:可以写入更大的数据量。如:100万条。写数据速度快,占用更少的内存

2.1 写操作

创建一个 Maven 项目,引入依赖:

<!--xls 03-->
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--xlsx 07-->
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--日期格式化工具-->
<dependency><groupId>joda-time</groupId><artifactId>joda-time</artifactId><version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

代码:

public class ExcelWriteTest {
    private String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");// 生成 03 版本的 excelpublic void testWrite03() throws Exception{
    // 1.创建一个工作簿Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();// 2.创建一个工作表Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("测试操作Excel03");// 3.创建一个行Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);// 4.创建一个列Cell cell11 = row1.createCell(0);cell11.setCellValue("姓名");Cell cell12 = row1.createCell(1);cell12.setCellValue("zzc");Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);String time = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");cell22.setCellValue(time);// 生成表FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path + "测试操作Excel03.xls");workbook.write(out);out.close();System.out.println("测试操作Excel03.xls文件生成完毕!!");}// // 生成 07 版本的 excelpublic void testWrite07() throws Exception{
    // 1.创建一个工作簿Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();// 2.创建一个工作表Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("测试操作Excel07");// 3.创建一个行Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);// 4.创建一个列Cell cell11 = row1.createCell(0);cell11.setCellValue("姓名");Cell cell12 = row1.createCell(1);cell12.setCellValue("zzc");Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);String time = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");cell22.setCellValue(time);// 生成表FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path + "测试操作Excel07.xlsx");workbook.write(out);out.close();System.out.println("测试操作Excel07.xlsx文件生成完毕!!");}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
    ExcelWriteTest excelWriteTest = new ExcelWriteTest();excelWriteTest.testWrite03();excelWriteTest.testWrite07();}
}

生成后的 Excel 文件:
在这里插入图片描述

2.2 写操作之优化版本

如果在写入 07 版本的时候,有大量的数据写入,就会有可能出现内存溢出异常,且写入的时间会变得很慢,所以引入了该优化类。

public void testDemo3() throws Exception{
    long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();Workbook w = new SXSSFWorkbook();Sheet sheet = w.createSheet("Excel统计表");for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 100000; rowNum++) {
    Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
    Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);cell.setCellValue(cellNum);}}long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("消耗的时间为:"+ (end-begin));FileOutputStream fo = new FileOutputStream(path + "测试表07s.xlsx");w.write(fo);fo.close();
}

2.3 读操作

public class ExcelReadTest {
    private String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");public void testRead03() throws Exception{
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path + "测试操作Excel03.xls");Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(in);Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);Row row = sheet.getRow(0);Cell cell11 = row.getCell(0);Cell cell12 = row.getCell(1);System.out.println(cell11.getStringCellValue());System.out.println(cell12.getStringCellValue());in.close();}public void testRead07() throws Exception{
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path + "测试操作Excel07.xlsx");Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(in);Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);Row row = sheet.getRow(0);Cell cell11 = row.getCell(0);Cell cell12 = row.getCell(1);System.out.println(cell11.getStringCellValue());System.out.println(cell12.getStringCellValue());in.close();}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ExcelReadTest excelReadTest = new ExcelReadTest();excelReadTest.testRead03();excelReadTest.testRead07();}
}

2.4 读取不同类型数据的 Excel

在这里插入图片描述
Excel 中要读取的数据类型:String、日期、布尔值等

public class ExcelReadTest {
    private String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");public void testCellType() throws Exception{
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path + "test.xls");Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(in);Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);// 获取标题Row rowTitle = sheet.getRow(0);if (null != rowTitle) {
    int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
    Cell cell = rowTitle.getCell(cellNum);if (null != cell) {
    int cellType = cell.getCellType();String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();System.out.print(cellValue + "|");}}}System.out.println();// 获取表格的内容int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < rowCount; rowNum++) {
    Row rowData = sheet.getRow(rowNum);if (null != rowData) {
    int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
    Cell cell = rowData.getCell(cellNum);if (null != cell) {
    int cellType = cell.getCellType();String cellValue = "";switch (cellType) {
    case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:   // 字符串System.out.println("【String】");cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();break;case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:  // 布尔值System.out.println("【Boolean】");cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());break;case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:  // 空值System.out.println("【BLANK】");break;case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:  // 数字、日期if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
      // 日期System.out.println("【日期】");Date dateCellValue = cell.getDateCellValue();cellValue = new DateTime(dateCellValue).toString("yyyy-MM-dd");} else {
    System.out.println("【数字】");// 防止数字过长cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);cellValue = cell.toString();}break;case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:System.out.println("【数据类型错误】");break;}System.out.println(cellValue);}}}}in.close();}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ExcelReadTest excelReadTest = new ExcelReadTest();excelReadTest.testCellType();}
}

3. EasyExcel

3.1 写操作

添加依赖:

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>2.0.0-beta2</version>
</dependency>

【注意】:一定要去掉 poi 的依赖,否则,会报错!!

public class DemoData {
    @ExcelProperty("字符串标题")private String string;@ExcelProperty("日期标题")private Date date;@ExcelProperty("数字标题")private Double doubleData;/*** 忽略这个字段*/@ExcelIgnoreprivate String ignore;//getter/setter
}
public class EasyExcelTest {
    private String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");private List<DemoData> data() {
    List<DemoData> list = new ArrayList<DemoData>();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    DemoData data = new DemoData();data.setString("字符串" + i);data.setDate(new Date());data.setDoubleData(0.56);list.add(data);}return list;}public void easyExcelWrite() {
    // 写法1String fileName = path + "EasyExcelTest.xlsx";// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写,然后写到第一个sheet,名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());}public static void main(String[] args) {
    EasyExcelTest easyExcelTest = new EasyExcelTest();easyExcelTest.easyExcelWrite();}
}

详细操作,请查看文档:EasyExcel

  相关解决方案