如何编译linux第一个模块 hello.c(Centos5.3)

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看了书后，照着书上的方法一步一步去做，却失败了，555
真是的，写书的人啊，却不考虑一下细节问题
新建一个目录
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod] $mddir hellomod
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod] $cd hellomod
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod] $vi hellomod.c

/****************hellomod.c*******************************/
#include <linux/module.h> //所有模块都需要的头文件
#include <linux/init.h> // init&exit相关宏
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static int __init hello_init (void)
{
    printk("Hello china init/n");
    return 0;
}

static void __exit hello_exit (void)
{
    printk("Hello china exit/n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

/****************hellomod.c*******************************/


1、在www.kernel.org下载了linux 2.6的内核，解压到/usr/src/linux26目录下
[root@liu-desktop linux26]# ls
arch     CREDITS        drivers  init    kernel       Makefile  README          security
block    crypto         fs       ipc     lib          mm        REPORTING-BUGS  sound
COPYING  Documentation  include   Kbuild  MAINTAINERS  net       scripts          usr
----------------------------------------------
写一个Makefile文件：
内容如下：
obj-m := hellomod.o
------------------------------------------------
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]$ make -C /usr/src/linux26/ SUBDIRS=$PWD modules
make: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux26'

  ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.
         include/linux/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.
         Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it.


  WARNING: Symbol version dump /usr/src/linux26/Module.symvers
           is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions.

  CC [M]  /home/liu/test/hellomod/hellomod.o
cc1: 错误： include/linux/autoconf.h：No such file or directory
在包含自 include/linux/posix_types.h：47 的文件中，
                 从 include/linux/types.h：14，
                 从 include/linux/prefetch.h：13，
                 从 include/linux/list.h：8，
                 从 include/linux/module.h：9，
                 从 /home/liu/test/hellomod/hellomod.c：1:
/usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.1.3/include/asm/posix_types.h:13:22: 错误： features.h：No such file or directory
/usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.1.3/include/asm/posix_types.h:14:35: 错误： 没有包含路径可供搜索 asm/posix_types.h
...............................


解决方法：

[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]#make oldconfig
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]#make prepare


好了，在试试：
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]$ make -C /usr/src/linux26/ SUBDIRS=$PWD modules
还是有错：
make: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux26'

  WARNING: Symbol version dump /usr/src/linux26/Module.symvers
           is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions.

  CC [M]  /home/liu/test/hellomod/hellomod.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
/bin/sh: scripts/mod/modpost: not found
make[1]: *** [__modpost] 错误 127
make: *** [modules] 错误 2
make: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux26'


看到了吗，提示说没有scripts/mod/modpost，那我们就编译它吧
[root@liu-desktop linux26]# make scripts
  HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/genksyms.o
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/lex.c
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/parse.h
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/keywords.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/lex.o
  SHIPPED scripts/genksyms/parse.c
 HOSTCC  scripts/genksyms/parse.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/genksyms/genksyms
  CC      scripts/mod/empty.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/mk_elfconfig
  MKELF   scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/file2alias.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/modpost.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/mod/sumversion.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/mod/modpost
  HOSTCC  scripts/kallsyms
  HOSTCC  scripts/conmakehash

OK，好了
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]$ make -C /usr/src/linux26/ SUBDIRS=$PWD modules
make: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux26'

  WARNING: Symbol version dump /usr/src/linux26/Module.symvers
           is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions.

  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /home/liu/test/hellomod/hellomod.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/liu/test/hellomod/hellomod.ko
make: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux26'
[liu@liu-desktop hellomod]$ ls
hellomod.c  hellomod.ko  hellomod.mod.c  hellomod.mod.o  hellomod.o  Makefile  Module.symvers


[root@liu-desktop linux26]#insmod hellomod.ko

[root@liu-desktop linux26]#lsmod |grep hellomod
lsmod |grep hellomod

[root@liu-desktop linux26]#rmmod hellomod


注意：如果出现下面错误，那99％是内核版本号对不上，也就是 version magic不对 <!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } -->

insmod: error inserting 'hellomod.ko': -1 Invalid module format

此时，你用sudo tail /var/log/messages
你在最后一行应该看到类似下面的提示：
<!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } -->

Dec 19 13:42:29 localhost kernel: hellomod: version magic '2.6.24.2 SMP mod_unload 686 4KSTACKS ' should be '2.6.27.7-134.fc10.i686 SMP mod_unload 686 4KSTACKS '

那该怎么办呢？最简单的办法就是：修改源目录下的Makefie
把
最Makefile第1－4行的值改为当前内核一样的值
VERSION = 2
PATCHLEVEL = 6
SUBLEVEL = 24
EXTRAVERSION = .2
NAME = Err Metey! A Heury Beelge-a Ret!

那怎么确定你当前内核的值是多少呢？

vi  /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/Makefile
现在知道了吧？