说明:本篇文章是在阅读《Java 并发编程艺术》过程中的一些笔记和分析,由于本人能力有限,如果有书写错误的地方,欢迎各位大佬批评指正!我们互相交流,学习,共同进步!
该项目的地址:https://github.com/xiaoheng1/concurrent-programming
1.Executor 框架的两级调度模型
在 HotSpot VM 的线程模型中,Java 线程(java.lang.Thread) 被一一映射为本地操作系统线程. Java 线程启动时会创建一个本地操作系统线程.
当该 Java 线程终止时,这个操作系统线程也会被回收.
Executor 调度任务,创建 java,lang.Thread, 而 java.lang.Thread 被映射为 OS 本地线程,受 OSKernel 调度.
Executor 是一个接口,它是 Executor 框架的基础,它将任务的提交与任务的执行分离开来.
public interface Executor {
/*** Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command* may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling* thread, at the discretion of the {@code Executor} implementation.** @param command the runnable task* @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be* accepted for execution* @throws NullPointerException if command is null*/
void execute(Runnable command);
}
ThreadPoolExecutor 是线程池的核心实现类,用来执行被提交的任务.
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 是一个实现类,可以在给定的延迟后运行命令,或者定期执行命令.
Future 接口相当于一个占位符,用于异步计算.
ThreadPoolExecutor 通常使用工厂类 Executors 来创建. Executors 可以创建 3 种类型的 ThreadPoolExecutor:
(1)SingleThreadPoolExecutor
(2)FixedThreadPoolExecutor
(3)CachedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue()));
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue());
}
CachedThreadPool 是大小无界的线程池,适用于执行很多的短期异步任务的小程序,或者负载教轻的服务器.
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue());
}
2.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 继承自 ThreadPoolExecutor,它主要用来在给定的延迟时间之后运行任务,或者定期执行任务.
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 的功能与 Timer 类似,但功能比 Timer 更加强大.
3.FutureTask