参考文档:
- Github:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
- Kubernetes ingress:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
- Ingress:https://mritd.me/2017/03/04/how-to-use-nginx-ingress/
- 配置示例:https://www.cnblogs.com/iiiiher/p/8006801.html
- Github示例:https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/master/deploy
- Traefik示例:https://github.com/containous/traefik
Ingress是对外服务到集群内的Service之间规则的集合:允许进入集群的请求被转发至集群内的Service。
Ingress能把Service配置成外网能够访问的url,流量负载均衡,终止ssl,提供基于域名访问的虚拟主机等,用户通过访问url访问Service。
Ingress-controller负责处理所有Ingress的请求流量,它通常是一个负载均衡器。
一.环境
1. 基础环境
组件 |
版本 |
Remark |
kubernetes |
v1.9.2 |
|
Ingress-nginx |
0.11.0 |
|
default-backend |
1.4 |
2. 原理
- ingress策略本质是转发的规则;
-
ingress-controller基于ingress策略将客户端的请求转发到service对应的后端endpoint,即Pod上;实现了为所有后端service提供统一入口,基于不同的http url向后转发负载分发规则,并可以灵活设置7层的负载分发策略的功能;一般由nginx实现。
二.部署ingress-nginx
1. 准备images
kubernetes部署Pod服务时,为避免部署时发生pull镜像超时的问题,建议提前将相关镜像pull到相关所有节点(实验),或搭建本地镜像系统。
- 基础环境已做了镜像加速,可参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/netonline/p/7420188.html
- 需要从gcr.io pull的镜像,已利用Docker Hub的"Create Auto-Build GitHub"功能(Docker Hub利用GitHub上的Dockerfile文件build镜像),在个人的Docker Hub build成功,可直接pull到本地使用。
# ingress-controller默认的backend,用于在客户端访问的url地址不存在时,能够返回一个正确的404应答 [root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull netonline/defaultbackend:1.4# ingress-nginx [root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull netonline/nginx-ingress-controller:0.11.0
2. 下载ingress-nginx相关yaml范本
# 相关的yaml文件可在1个或多个master节点下载后修改 [root@kubenode1 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/src/yaml/ingress [root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/yaml/ingress/#下载链接: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/master/deploy # namespace [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/namespace.yaml# configmap,此验证未使用 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/configmap.yaml# tcp-service-configmap [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/tcp-services-configmap.yaml# udp-service-configmap,此验证未使用 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/udp-services-configmap.yaml# rbac [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/rbac.yaml# default-backend [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/default-backend.yaml# with-rbac [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/with-rbac.yaml# without-rbac,此验证未使用 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/without-rbac.yaml# patch,此验证未使用 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/publish-service-patch.yaml
3. namespace.yaml
# ingress-nginx github文档中将Namespace,ConfingMap,ServiceAccount,Deployment,default-backend,xxx-services-configmap等服务的yaml配置文件独立保存,以下章节分别针对各yaml文件修改,红色加粗字体即修改部分; # 对Pod yaml文件的编写这里不做展开,可另参考资料,如《Kubernetes权威指南》; # 修改后的ingress-nginx相关yaml文件请见:https://github.com/Netonline2016/kubernetes/tree/master/addons/ingress# namespace.yaml不做修改,创建1个独立的namespace [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cat namespace.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata:name: ingress-nginx
4. tcp-services-configmap.yaml
# tcp-services-configmap.yaml不做修改 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cat tcp-services-configmap.yaml kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata:name: tcp-servicesnamespace: ingress-nginx
5. rbac.yaml
# ingress-controller需要监听apiserver,获取ingress定义,通过rbac授权; # rbac.yaml文件不用修改 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cat rbac.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata:name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccountnamespace: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRole metadata:name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole rules:- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmaps- endpoints- nodes- pods- secretsverbs:- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- servicesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- "extensions"resources:- ingressesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- eventsverbs:- create- patch- apiGroups:- "extensions"resources:- ingresses/statusverbs:- update---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: Role metadata:name: nginx-ingress-rolenamespace: ingress-nginx rules:- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmaps- pods- secrets- namespacesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmapsresourceNames:# Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"# Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"# This has to be adapted if you change either parameter# when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.- "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"verbs:- get- update- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmapsverbs:- create- apiGroups:- ""resources:- endpointsverbs:- get---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: RoleBinding metadata:name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-bindingnamespace: ingress-nginx roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: nginx-ingress-role subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: nginx-ingress-serviceaccountnamespace: ingress-nginx---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata:name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: nginx-ingress-clusterrole subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount namespace: ingress-nginx
6. default-backend.yaml
# 提供1个默认的后台404错误页面与/healthz的健康检查页; # 含1个Deployment与1个service; # 只需要修改Pod启动调用的image文件名 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim default-backend.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata:name: default-http-backendlabels:app: default-http-backendnamespace: ingress-nginx spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: default-http-backendtemplate:metadata:labels:app: default-http-backendspec:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60containers:- name: default-http-backend# Any image is permissible as long as:# 1. It serves a 404 page at /# 2. It serves 200 on a /healthz endpointimage: netonline/defaultbackend:1.4livenessProbe:httpGet:path: /healthzport: 8080scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 5ports:- containerPort: 8080resources:limits:cpu: 10mmemory: 20Mirequests:cpu: 10mmemory: 20Mi ---apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata:name: default-http-backendnamespace: ingress-nginxlabels:app: default-http-backend spec:ports:- port: 80targetPort: 8080selector:app: default-http-backend
7. with-rbac.yaml
Ingress-Controller以Pod的形式运行,监控apiserver的/ingress接口后端的backend services,如果service发生变化,则Ingress-Controller自动更新转发规则。
基本逻辑如下:
- 监听apiserver,获取全部ingress定义;
- 基于ingress定义,生成nginx的配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf;
- 执行nginx -s reload,重新加载nginx.conf配置文件的内容。
# without-rbac.yaml与with-rbac.yaml的区别是没有调用rabc.yaml中定义的ServiceAccount: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount,这里访问apiserve需要认证; # github文档给的kind: Deployment,replicas: 1,即在1个节点上启动1个ingress-nginx controller Pod,外部流量访问该节点,由该节点负载后端services;但Pod本身会因为故障而转移,节点ip会变更,DaemonSet会在多个节点(可以利用Pod的亲和性将指定Pod部署到指点节点)生成ingress-nginx controller Pod,则客户端可以访问任意节点;或者在前端部署负载,使用vip访问后端3个节点; # hostNetwork: true,暴露ingress-nginx controller的相关业务端口到主机; # 验证中暂时用不到的服务不启用,则相应的ingress-controller中的对应参数也注释不用 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim with-rbac.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 # kind: Deployment # 变更kind kind: DaemonSet metadata:name: nginx-ingress-controllernamespace: ingress-nginx spec:# 已变更kind,注释副本数# replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: ingress-nginxtemplate:metadata:labels:app: ingress-nginxannotations:prometheus.io/port: '10254'prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'spec:serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount# 暴露主机端口 hostNetwork: truecontainers:- name: nginx-ingress-controller# 变更调用image名image: netonline/nginx-ingress-controller:0.11.0args:- /nginx-ingress-controller- --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-http-backend# 此验证未使用ConfigMap,注释# - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services# 此验证未使用udp-service-ConfigMap,注释# - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.ioenv:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespaceports:- name: httpcontainerPort: 80 # 暴露的主机端口hostPort: 80- name: httpscontainerPort: 443hostPort: 443livenessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 1readinessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPperiodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 1
8. 启动ingress-nginx
[root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f namespace.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f tcp-services-configmap.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f rbac.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f default-backend.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f with-rbac.yaml
9. 设置iptables
# 3台master节点均设置,with-rbac.yaml/without-rbac.yaml会启用”hostNetwork”,并且开放tcp80,443,18080(/nginx-status)端口; # 因为这里docker服务已启动,采用直接在input链追加开放端口的方式; # 建议在/etc/sysconfig/iptables配置文件中将相应端口打开; # 如果采用”service iptables save”命令会将当前已有iptables规则(含docker服务相关规则)全部写入配置文件,慎用 [root@kubenode1 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT [root@kubenode1 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT [root@kubenode1 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 18080 -j ACCEPT
10. 验证
# 1个default-htt-backend与3个ingress-nginx Pod已运行 [root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx -o wide
# 节点本机相应端口已被使用 [root@kubenode1 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep nginx
# 访问任意节点的80端口,返回404页面,ingress-nginx controller与default-http-backend生效 [root@kubenode1 ~]# curl http://172.30.200.21 [root@kubenode1 ~]# curl http://172.30.200.22 [root@kubenode1 ~]# curl http://172.30.200.23
三.部署ingress
1. 部署后端服务
# 在相关所有节点下载后端服务镜像,避免镜像下载超时; # 后端服务使用nginx [root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull nginx # 部署后端服务,这里将后端服务Pod(Deployment的形式下发Pod,直接创建的Pod与Service关联有问题,通过”kubectl get endpoints”可查看到Service的”ENDPOINTS”列关联不上后端Pod,原因未查明)与Service放在1个yaml文件中 [root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/yaml/ingress/ [root@kubenode1 ingress]# touch nginx-svc.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim nginx-svc.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata:name: nginx-01 spec:replicas: 1template:metadata:labels:name: nginx-01spec:containers:- name: nginx-01image: nginx:latestports:- containerPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata:# Service的全局唯一名称name: nginx-svc spec:ports:# Service服务监听的端口号- port: 80# 后端服务Pod提供的端口号targetPort: 80# 端口名称(非必须)name: http# Service关联定义了相应标签的Podselector:name: nginx-01# 启动后端服务 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f nginx-svc.yaml
2. 部署ingress
[root@kubenode1 ingress]# touch nginx-svc-ingress.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim nginx-svc-ingress.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: nginx-svc-ingress spec:rules:# 主机域名,需要在本地绑定节点ip- host: nginx-svc.me http:# 如果paths下有具体的路径,如/demo,需要与后端提供真实服务的path一致,这里即nginx下需要有/demo路径paths:- backend:# 后端服务名serviceName: nginx-svc# 后端服务监听端口,区别于提供真实服务的容器监听端口servicePort: 80# 下发ingress [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f nginx-svc-ingress.yaml
3. 验证
# Service关联到后端Pod; # 为主机”nginx-svc.me”定制了ingress策略; # 理论上ingress的”ADDRESS”列显示ingress-nginx-controller Pod的ip地址则表示nginx已设置好后端Service的Endpoint,ingress此时可以正常工作;为空则有需要排错;但可能这里有个bug(在1.8.x与1.9.x版本都有此问题),在显示为空的状态下,ingress依然生效 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cd ~ [root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get endpoints nginx-svc -o wide [root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get ingress -o wide
在本地浏览器访问host主机(注意提前绑定域名):http://nginx-svc.me
# 或者采用--resolve参数模拟dns解析,目标地址为域名 [root@kubenode1 ~]# curl --resolve nginx-svc.me:80:172.30.200.21 http://nginx-svc.me # 或者采用-H参数设置http头中需要访问的域名,目标地址为ip地址 [root@kubenode1 ~]# curl -H 'Host:nginx-svc.me' http://172.30.200.22
4. ingress策略配置技巧
1)转发到单个后端服务
# 所有访问被转发到后端唯一的Service,此时可不定义rule # 关注红色加粗字体 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: ingress spec: backend:serviceName: nginx-svcservicePort: 80
2)同一域名,不同的url路径被转发到不同的服务
# 相同域名下两个不同的路径对应不同的服务; # 注意如果paths下有具体的路径,如/web,/api等,需要与后端提供真实服务的path一致,这里即nginx服务器下需要有/web,/api等路径 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: ingress spec: rules:- host: nginx-svc.mehttp:paths:- path: /webbackend:serviceName: nginx-svc-webservicePort: 80- path: /apibackend:serviceName: nginx-svc-apiservicePort: 8081
3)不同域名,被转发到不同的服务
# 不同域名对应不同的服务 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: ingress spec: rules:- host: nginx-svc.mehttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: nginx-svcservicePort: 80- host: apache-svc.mehttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: apache-svcservicePort: 80
4)不使用域名转发
# 使用无域名ingress规则时,默认禁用http,强制启用https; # 此时客户端访问如下路径:curl http://172.30.200.21/demo 会返回301错误,但使用https访问则可以成功:curl -k https://172.30.200.21/demo ; # 可以在ingress定义的metadata设置annotation “ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect=false”关闭强制启用https的设置,如下蓝色加粗字体 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: ingress# annotations: # ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: “false” spec: rules:- http:paths:- path: /demobackend:serviceName: nginx-svc-demoservicePort: 8080
四.ingress的tls设置
对ingress中的域名进行tls安全证书的设置步骤如下:
- 创建自签名的秘钥与ssl证书;
- 将证书保存到kubernetes集群的1个Secret资源对象上;
- 设置Secret资源对象到ingress中。
根据网站域名是1个还是多个,前两步的操作稍有不同,第3步操作相同,下面以多域名的操作为例:
1. 生成ca证书
[root@kubenode1 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ingress [root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /etc/kubernetes/ingress/ [root@kubenode1 ingress]# openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -days 3560 -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=ingress-ca"
2. 修改openssl.cnf文件
# 对于多域名,生成ssl证书需要使用额外的x509v3配置文件辅助; # 在[alt_names]字段中设置多域名 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cp /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf . [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim openssl.cnf[ req ] # 第126行,取消注释 req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request[ v3_req ] # Extensions to add to a certificate request basicConstraints = CA:FALSE keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # 第224行之后,新增部分 subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = nginx01-svc-tls.me DNS.2 = nginx02-svc-tls.me
3. 生成ingress ssl证书
# 基于修改的openssl.cnf与ca证书生成ingress ssl证书 # 生成秘钥 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# openssl genrsa -out ingress.key 2048# 生成csr文件 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# openssl req -new -key ingress.key -out ingress.csr -subj "/CN=nginx-svc-tls" -config openssl.cnf# 生成证书 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# openssl x509 -req -in ingress.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out ingress.crt -days 3650 -extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf
4. 生成Secret资源对象
Secret对象的主要作用是保管私密数据,如:密码,OAuth Tokens,ssh Keys等信息。将私密信息存放在Secret对象中,比直接放在Pod或者Docker image中更安全,更便于使用与分发。
Secret对象创建完成之后,可通过3种方式调用:
- 在创建Pod时,通过为Pod指定Service Account来自动使用;
- 通过挂载Secret到Pod来使用;
- Docker image下载时使用,通过指定Pod的spc.ImagePullSecrets来引用。
# 编辑secret-ingress.yaml文件,将ingress.key与ingress.crt的内容复制到yaml文件中; # 注意1:Secret的”data”域的各子域的值必须为BASE64编码; # 注意2:复制key与crt的内容时去掉换行符,变成一行 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cd /usr/local/src/yaml/ingress/ [root@kubenode1 ingress]# touch secret-ingress.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim secret-ingress.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata:name: secret-ingress # 1.8.x之后使用kubernetes.io/tls替换Opaque type: kubernetes.io/tls data:tls.crt: 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tls.key: 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# 生成Secret资源对象 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f secret-ingress.yaml# 以上编辑yaml文件,使用”kubectl create”命令生成Secret对象在步骤上更清晰; # 但可以利用”kubectl create secret tls”命令直接创建Secret对象 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create secret tls secret-ingress --key /etc/kubernetes/ingress/ingress.key --cert /etc/kubernetes/ingress/ingress.crt
5. 创建后端服务
# 编辑后端服务nginx01-svc-tls.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# touch nginx01-svc-tls.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim nginx01-svc-tls.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata:name: nginx01-tls spec:replicas: 1template:metadata:labels:name: nginx01-tlsspec:containers:- name: nginx01-tlsimage: nginx:latestports:- containerPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata:name: nginx01-svc-tls spec:ports:# Service服务监听的端口号- port: 443# 后端提供真实服务的Pod提供的端口号targetPort: 80name: httpsselector:name: nginx01-tls# 编辑后端服务nginx02-svc-tls.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# cp nginx01-svc-tls.yaml nginx02-svc-tls.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# sed -i 's|nginx01|nginx02|g' nginx02-svc-tls.yaml# 生成后端服务 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f nginx01-svc-tls.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f nginx02-svc-tls.yaml
# 修改提供后端服务的nginx容器的html文件; # 通过”kubectl exec -ti <pod-name> -c <container-name> /bin/bash”进入容器修改;pod-name可通过命令”kubectl get pods -o wide”获取;container-name即yaml文件中定义的名字 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl get pods -o wide
# nginx官方容器的index.html文件在/usr/share/nginx/html/目录下 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl exec -ti nginx01-tls-59fbf6696c-qfq4k -c nginx01-tls /bin/bash root@nginx01-tls-59fbf6696c-qfq4k:/# echo "<h1>Welcome to test site nginx01-svc-tls</h1>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html root@nginx01-tls-59fbf6696c-qfq4k:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html root@nginx01-tls-59fbf6696c-qfq4k:/# exit [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl exec -ti nginx02-tls-5559fd9bc7-dfbrp -c nginx02-tls /bin/bash root@nginx02-tls-5559fd9bc7-dfbrp:/# echo "<h1>Welcome to test site nginx02-svc-tls</h1>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html root@nginx02-tls-5559fd9bc7-dfbrp:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html root@nginx02-tls-5559fd9bc7-dfbrp:/# exit
6. 创建ingress对象
# 编辑ingress对象yaml文件; # 在”spec”域下新增“tls”子域,”hosts”字段加入多域名,“secretName”字段调用对应的Secret资源; # 1个ingress对象只能使用1个Secret对象(“secretName”字段value唯一),即只能使用1个证书,该正式需要支持”hosts”字段下所有域名; # “secretName”字段一定要置于域名列表最后的位置; # ”hosts”字段的域名需要匹配”rules”字段域名; # ingress默认情况下,当不配置证书或者证书配置错误时,会默认给出一个tls证书;如“secretName”字段配置了2个值,则所有域名采用默认证书;如”hosts”字段少配置一个域名,缺失的域名会采用默认证书; # 更新ingress证书可能需要等待一段时间才能生效 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# touch nginx-svc-tls-ingress.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# vim nginx-svc-tls-ingress.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata:name: ingress-tls spec: tls:- hosts:- nginx01-svc-tls.me- nginx02-svc-tls.mesecretName: secret-ingressrules:- host: nginx01-svc-tls.mehttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: nginx01-svc-tls# 后端服务监听端口,区别于提供真实服务的容器监听端口servicePort: 443- host: nginx02-svc-tls.mehttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: nginx02-svc-tlsservicePort: 443# 生成ingress对象 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl create -f nginx-svc-tls-ingress.yaml [root@kubenode1 ingress]# kubectl get ingress
7. 验证
# 采用--resolve参数模拟dns解析,目标地址为域名; # http访问时被重定向,采用https访问正常 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# curl --resolve nginx01-svc-tls.me:80:172.30.200.21 http://nginx01-svc-tls.me [root@kubenode1 ingress]# curl --resolve nginx01-svc-tls.me:443:172.30.200.21 -k https://nginx01-svc-tls.me
# 或者采用-H参数设置http头中需要访问的域名,目标地址为ip地址 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# curl -H 'Host:nginx01-svc-tls.me' -k https://172.30.200.23 [root@kubenode1 ingress]# curl -H 'Host:nginx02-svc-tls.me' -k https://172.30.200.23
在本地浏览器访问host主机(注意提前绑定域名):http://nginx01-svc-tls.me
采用http访问,重定向自动跳转为https访问,如下:
站点:nginx01-svc-tls.me
站点:nginx02-svc-tls.me