基本方法:
ofNullable()
为可能 null 的值创建一个 Optional 实例, 然后可以对该实例遍历/过滤, 判断是否存在,或者为空时执行..ifPresent(...)
如果值存在则执行里面的方法
应用场景:
1> 默认值
传统方式
public static String save(User u) {if (u == null)return "Unknown";return u;}
杜绝使用这种方式(不简洁)
public static String save(User u) {Optional<User> user = Optional.ofNullable(u);if (!user.isPresent())return "Unknown";return user;}
最好配合lambda表达式(链式调用):
public static String save(User u) {return Optional.ofNullable(u)//与of不同,of如果传参对象为null会抛空指针.map(user->user.name).orElse("Unknown");//.orElseGet(() -> "john");}
2>多重非空条件判断
传统方式
public static String getTeacherName(Student u) throws IllegalArgumentException {if (u != null) {Teacher t = comp.getTeacher();if (t != null) {String tName = t.getName();if (tName != null) {return t.getName();}}}throw new IllegalArgumentException("The value of param comp isn't available.");}
链式调用(map 遍历属性)
public static String getTeacherName(Student u) throws IllegalArgumentException {return Optional.ofNullable(u).map(u->u.getTeacher()).map(t->t.getName()).orElseThrow(()->new IllegalArgumentException("The value of param comp isn't available."));}
3> 不为空才操作(单边判断)
string.ifPresent(System.out::println);
4> 指定条件过滤
public boolean priceIsInRange2(Modem modem2) {return Optional.ofNullable(modem2).map(Modem::getPrice).filter(p -> p >= 10).isPresent();}
5. filter 与 findFirst 结合
Optional<String> found = Stream.of(getEmpty(), getHello(), getBye()).filter(Optional::isPresent).map(Optional::get).findFirst();