【问题】知道nums[ ] ={ }和target,返回nums中能够得出target的两个元素
一、2Sum问题
1.1 nums中只有一对元素满足时
eg: 只有唯一解的情况,如:[5,3,1,6],target=9,结果为[3,6]
import java.util.*;public class Solution {
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] nums = {
5,3,1,6};int target = 9;int[] fun = fun(nums,target);System.out.print("[");System.out.print(fun[0]);System.out.print(",");System.out.print(fun[1]);System.out.println("]");}public static int[] twoSum(int[] nums,int target){
int low = 0,high = nums.length-1;Arrays.sort(nums);int[] res = new int[2];while(low < high){
int sum = nums[low] + nums[high];if(sum < target){
low++;}else if(sum > target){
high--;}else{
res[0] = nums[low];res[1] = nums[high];return res;}}return new int[2];}
}
1.2 nums中有多对元素满足
eg:nums = [1,3,1,2,2,3],target = 4;结果为:[[1,3],[2,2]]
关键点在于[1,3]和[3,1]重复
import java.util.*;public class Solution {
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] nums = {
1,3,1,2,2,3};int target = 4;System.out.println(twoSum(nums,target));}public static List<List<Integer>> twoSum(int[] nums,int target){
int low = 0;int high = nums.length-1;Arrays.sort(nums);//1 1 2 2 3 3List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();int left = 0;int right = 0;int sum = 0;while(low < high){
//易错点,如果放在循环外,用clear()清理list,则不可行List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();left = nums[low];right = nums[high];sum = left + right;if(sum < target){
low++;}else if(sum > target){
high--;}else if(sum == target) {
list.add(nums[low]);list.add(nums[high]);while(low < high && nums[low] == left) low++;while(low < high && nums[high] == right) high--;res.add(list);}}return res;}
}
这题卡在一个地方很久,list.clear()最好别用,哪里错我也说不清楚,最后res输出的是重复的数,应该像代码中,在while循环里重新new一个ArrayList()出来。
二、3Sum问题
问是否存在三个数,a,b,c,使a+b+c=0? 要求返回不重复的三元组
看到这么长的代码先别慌,实际上就是先确定第一个数字:nums[i],剩下的数字之和就是target - nums[i],这个直接用twoSum()来解决,只不过它的起点l ow 要改成threeSum中的 i+1:
import java.util.*;public class Solution {
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] nums = {
-1,0,1,2,-1,-4};int target = 0;System.out.println(threeSum(nums,target));}public static List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums,int target){
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();Arrays.sort(nums);int len = nums.length;//穷举第一个数for(int i = 0; i < len; i++){
//对target - nums[i]计算twoSumList<List<Integer>> lists = twoSum(nums,target-nums[i],i+1);for(List<Integer> list:lists){
list.add(nums[i]);res.add(list);}//跳过相同数字的重复情况while(i < len-1 && nums[i] == nums[i+1]) i++;}return res;}public static List<List<Integer>> twoSum(int[] nums,int target,int start){
//左指针改为由start开始int low = start;int high = nums.length-1;Arrays.sort(nums);//1 1 2 2 3 3List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();int left = 0;int right = 0;int sum = 0;while(low < high){
//易错点,如果放在循环外,用clear()清理list,则不可行List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();left = nums[low];right = nums[high];sum = left + right;if(sum < target){
low++;}else if(sum > target){
high--;}else if(sum == target) {
list.add(nums[low]);list.add(nums[high]);while(low < high && nums[low] == left) low++;while(low < high && nums[high] == right) high--;res.add(list);}}return res;}
}
同理,4Sum问题,也是在3Sum的基础上加一个。
可参考文章:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fSyJVvggxHq28a0SdmZm6Q