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ZeroMQ C++案例

热度:63   发布时间:2023-12-21 06:30:38.0

? ? ZeroMQ是一个跨平台、开源的消息内核,支持Request/Response、Publish/Subscribe、Push/Pull这3种通信模型,同时,也是一个嵌入式库,它封装了网络通信、消息队列、线程调度等功能,向上层提供简洁的API,应用程序通过加载库文件,调用API函数来实现高性能网络通信。
? ? 下面,介绍在Win10上,使用VS2013进行ZeroMQ通信的案例。

1、下载ZeroMQ v4.3.4

1.1 下载库文件

? ? 这里下载ZeroMQ已经编译好的库文件:
? ? libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip 官网地址:https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq/releases/download/v4.3.4/libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip

? ? libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip 个人地址: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Png7BsIUd6kHXAlLCnRjLA 提取码:fiaj

? ? 这个库文件是Win10 X86 32位的,那么创建工程时,需要选择Win32类型的工程。

1.2 新建文件夹libzmq

? ? a) 新建一个文件夹名称为libzmq,然后在libzmq里再新建2个文件夹,名称分别为include和lib,其中 include用于存放头文件,lib用于存放*.dll、*.lib文件。

? ? b) 将libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip里的如下4个文件,拷贝libzmq\lib里,
? ?libsodium.dll
? ?libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.dll
? ?libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib
? ?libzmq-v120-mt-s-4_3_4.lib

? ? c) 将libzmq-v120-4_3_4.zip里的zmq.h,拷贝到libzmq\include里;

? ? d) 新建一个文件名称为zhelpers.h,其内容如下:
//zhelper.hs

/* =====================================================================zhelpers.hHelper header file for example applications.===================================================================== */#ifndef __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__
#define __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__// Include a bunch of headers that we will need in the examples#include <zmq.h>#include <assert.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
// #if (!defined (WIN32))
// # include <sys/time.h>
// #endif// #if (defined (WIN32))
// # include <windows.h>
// #endif#ifndef WIN32
#define WIN32 1
#endif#pragma warning(disable:4996)#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else 
#include <sys/time.h> 
#endif// Version checking, and patch up missing constants to match 2.1
#if ZMQ_VERSION_MAJOR == 2
# error "Please upgrade to ZeroMQ/3.2 for these examples"
#endif// On some version of Windows, POSIX subsystem is not installed by default.
// So define srandom and random ourself.
#if (defined (WIN32))
# define srandom srand
# define random rand
#endif// Provide random number from 0..(num-1)
#define randof(num) (int) ((float) (num) * random () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0))// Receive 0MQ string from socket and convert into C string
// Caller must free returned string. Returns NULL if the context
// is being terminated.
static char *
s_recv (void *socket) {
    enum {
     cap = 256 };char buffer [cap];int size = zmq_recv (socket, buffer, cap - 1, 0);if (size == -1)return NULL;buffer[size < cap ? size : cap - 1] = '\0';#if (defined (WIN32))return _strdup (buffer);
#elsereturn strndup (buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
#endif// remember that the strdup family of functions use malloc/alloc for space for the new string. It must be manually// freed when you are done with it. Failure to do so will allow a heap attack.
}// Convert C string to 0MQ string and send to socket
static int
s_send (void *socket, char *string) {
    int size = zmq_send (socket, string, strlen (string), 0);return size;
}// Sends string as 0MQ string, as multipart non-terminal
static int
s_sendmore (void *socket, char *string) {
    int size = zmq_send (socket, string, strlen (string), ZMQ_SNDMORE);return size;
}// Receives all message parts from socket, prints neatly
//
static void
s_dump (void *socket)
{
    int rc;zmq_msg_t message;rc = zmq_msg_init (&message);assert (rc == 0);puts ("----------------------------------------");// Process all parts of the messagedo {
    int size = zmq_msg_recv (&message, socket, 0);assert (size >= 0);// Dump the message as text or binarychar *data = (char*)zmq_msg_data (&message);assert (data != 0);int is_text = 1;int char_nbr;for (char_nbr = 0; char_nbr < size; char_nbr++) {
    if ((unsigned char) data [char_nbr] < 32|| (unsigned char) data [char_nbr] > 126) {
    is_text = 0;}}printf ("[%03d] ", size);for (char_nbr = 0; char_nbr < size; char_nbr++) {
    if (is_text) {
    printf ("%c", data [char_nbr]);} else {
    printf ("%02X", (unsigned char) data [char_nbr]);}}printf ("\n");} while (zmq_msg_more (&message));rc = zmq_msg_close (&message);assert (rc == 0);
}#if (!defined (WIN32))
// Set simple random printable identity on socket
// Caution:
// DO NOT call this version of s_set_id from multiple threads on MS Windows
// since s_set_id will call rand() on MS Windows. rand(), however, is not 
// reentrant or thread-safe. See issue #521.
static void
s_set_id (void *socket)
{
    char identity [10];sprintf (identity, "%04X-%04X", randof (0x10000), randof (0x10000));zmq_setsockopt (socket, ZMQ_IDENTITY, identity, strlen (identity));
}
#else
// Fix #521 for MS Windows.
static void
s_set_id(void *socket, intptr_t id)
{
    char identity [10];sprintf(identity, "%04X", (int)id);zmq_setsockopt(socket, ZMQ_IDENTITY, identity, strlen(identity));
}
#endif// Sleep for a number of milliseconds
static void
s_sleep (int msecs)
{
    
#if (defined (WIN32))Sleep (msecs);
#elsestruct timespec t;t.tv_sec  =  msecs / 1000;t.tv_nsec = (msecs % 1000) * 1000000;nanosleep (&t, NULL);
#endif
}// Return current system clock as milliseconds
static int64_t
s_clock (void)
{
    
#if (defined (WIN32))SYSTEMTIME st;GetSystemTime (&st);return (int64_t) st.wSecond * 1000 + st.wMilliseconds;
#elsestruct timeval tv;gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);return (int64_t) (tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000);
#endif
}// Print formatted string to stdout, prefixed by date/time and
// terminated with a newline.static void
s_console (const char *format, ...)
{
    time_t curtime = time (NULL);struct tm *loctime = localtime (&curtime);char *formatted = (char*)malloc (20);strftime (formatted, 20, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ", loctime);printf ("%s", formatted);free (formatted);va_list argptr;va_start (argptr, format);vprintf (format, argptr);va_end (argptr);printf ("\n");
}#endif // __ZHELPERS_H_INCLUDED__

? ? 然后,将zhelpers.h拷贝libzmq\include文件夹里,具体如下:

图(1) libzmq的目录结构

2、创建解决方案

? ? 这里在VS2013中创建1个空的解决方案名称为ZeroBase,然后,在这个解决方案中添加一个新的工程:ZeroTwo,这样就有2个工程。
? ? 工程路径为:E:\MyProject\vs2013Doc\Unit01\Chap01\ZeroBase

2.1 创建工程

? ? a) 打开VS2013,创建一个空工程名称为ZeroBase,然后,右击ZeroBase解决方案 --> 添加一个新工程名称为ZeroTwo,如图(2)、图(3)、图(4)所示。

图(2) 右击[解决方案]--> 添加 -->新建项目

图(3) 新建一个空工程名称为ZeroTwo

? ? b) 拷贝libzmq到解决方案ZeroBase里
? ? 将第1步组装好的libzmq拷贝到E:\MyProject\vs2013Doc\Unit01\Chap01\ZeroBase路径下,最后的目录结构为:

图(4) 整个【解决方案】的目录结构

2.2 配置工程

? ? 这里以ZeroBase工程进行说明。
? ? a) 设置工程的include、reference、lib目录

? ? include目录

$(ProjectDir)..\libzmq\include;$(IncludePath)

? ? reference目录

$(ProjectDir)..\libzmq\lib;$(ReferencePath)

? ? lib目录

$(ProjectDir)..\libzmq\lib;$(LibraryPath)

如下所示:

图(5) 设置工程的包含目录、引用目录和库目录

? ? b) 设置工程的预处理宏
? ? 在 【配置属性】—>C/C++ -->预处理器 --> 预处理定义 --> 添加如下2个宏:

ZMQ_STATIC
ZMQ_USE_TWEETNACL
图(6) 添加2个宏

? ? c) 设置工程里链接器的依赖库
? ? 在 【配置属性】—>C/C++ --> 代码生成 --> 运行库 --》 选中 多线程(MT),如图所示。

图(7) 设置运行库:多线程MT

? ? d) 设置工程的运行库
? ? 在 【配置属性】—>链接器 -->输入 —>附加依赖项–> 添加如下3个lib

wsock32.lib
ws2_32.lib
Iphlpapi.lib

? ? 如下图所示。

图(8) 在链接器里添加3个lib

? ? 同理,ZeroTwo工程,也需要设置这4个配置。

3、编写代码

3.1 hwServer服务端

? ? ZeroBase作为服务端,提供服务。
? ? //E:\MyProject\vs2013Doc\Unit01\Chap01\ZeroBase\ZeroBase\hwServver.cpp

#pragma comment(lib, "libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib")
#include <zmq.h>
#include <Windows.h>#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>int main(void)
{
    /* Socket to talk to clients */void *context = zmq_ctx_new();void *responder = zmq_socket(context, ZMQ_REP);int rc = zmq_bind(responder, "tcp://*:5555");assert(rc == 0);while (1) {
    char buffer[10];memset(buffer, 0x00, sizeof(buffer));rc = zmq_recv(responder, buffer, 10, 0);//buffer[rc]=0;printf("Server Recv: [%s] space=%d\n", buffer, rc);Sleep(1);          // Do some 'work'zmq_send(responder, "World", 9, 0);printf("Server Send: [world]\n");}return 0;
}

? ? 按Ctrl+Shift+B 编译ZeroBase工程。

3.2 hwClient客户端

? ? ZeroTwo作为客户端,发送请求。

? ? //E:\MyProject\vs2013Doc\Unit01\Chap01\ZeroBase\ZeroTwo\hwClient.cpp

#pragma comment(lib, "libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.lib")
#include <zmq.h>#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>int main(void)
{
    printf("=== Connecting to ZeroMQ Server ===\r\n");void* context = zmq_ctx_new();void* client = zmq_socket(context, ZMQ_REQ);zmq_connect(client, "tcp://localhost:5555");char buffer[10] = {
     0 };int request_nbr = 0;for (request_nbr = 0; request_nbr < 1; request_nbr++){
    zmq_send(client, "hello", 9, 0);printf("Client Send: [hello]\n");memset(buffer, 0x00, 10);zmq_recv(client, buffer, 10, 0);printf("Client Recv: [%s]\n", buffer);}zmq_close(client);zmq_ctx_destroy(context);system("pause");return 0;
}

? ? 按Ctrl+Shift+B 编译ZeroTwo工程。

3.2 拷贝dll到Release

? ? 将libzmq-v120-mt-4_3_4.dll、libsodium.dll拷贝到【解决方案】\Release路径,先双击ZeroBase.exe,后双击ZeroTwo.exe,效果如下:

图(9) ZeroMQ里的Request/Response通信

4、完整工程

? ? ZeroBase完整工程链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ze36oOUjQQgYeK_BTpNAMg 提取码:m2zl

? ? 需要的libzmq v4.3.4 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/15r6QnyKHVsSXhs__V7gOWw 提取码:hj6y