It seems that for the better part of my life, America’s economy has been in murky water. I was born into a Reagan economy (good), graduated to Bush Sr. (bad), did my time with Clinton (good), and started looking for jobs as a developer during Bush Jr.’s tenure (bad). And while I’ll abstain from the more political conversation, Obama’s reign doesn’t look much better in terms of economic health (of course, he inherited a lot of trouble).
And throughout those recessions of the last ten years, there doesn’t seem to be a much more exciting topic for news anchors to talk about then joblessness. The unemployment rate is up, it’s down, this year’s graduates can’t find jobs, and here’s the story of Marty McNoJob, who has been unemployed for 62 years. Many people (grandmas in particular) eat it right up, and try and convince you to get into whatever field is hot at the time.
And accordingly, mountains of advice articles (like this one) try and give you a good idea of how to get a job in this tough economy. Put these words on your resume, wear a suit, get a minor in management, send thank-you notes, get a degree if you don’t have one, and talk about how much you raised revenue at your last job, etc.
But here’s the startling truth about one-size-fits-all advice like this (which you can find almost anywhere): These rules do not really apply to software development. Software development is a completely different ball game.
So now that I’ve given you a fairly lengthy segway into the actual topic of this post, let me be clear about my background:
- As a freelancer, I’ve been to a hell of a lot of interviews
- Almost all of those interviews resulted in job offers (yes, in this economy)
- I’ve interviewed plenty of people for employers and as a business owner
- I’ve written plenty of resumes for co-workers and friends that have gotten them interviews
The number one rule to getting a job as a programmer is to be good at what you do. This applies to recent graduates too.
When you go to school for a computer science degree, there’s a good chance you went somewhere that offered other engineering degrees such as Mechanical, Civil, and Electrical Engineering. Think of those other majors. How the hell is a Civil Engineering major going to get any real field experience before his first job? He can’t. But programmers have it completely different. Programmers can get field experience as early as they want. If a young programmer in middle school wants to write a website or a video game, he can learn how. He can read up on the vast, free resources on the internet and build up his awesomeness. If a Civil Engineering major wants to build a bridge in high school, he better like playing with Legos.
The programmers who get jobs in a tough economy are those with experience and projects they can associate their names with. That leads me to my next rule.
The second rule to getting a job as a programmer is to have a portfolio.
Software development is a wacky world in that good companies hire people based on talent, not on “years of experience”. In fact, 15 years’ experience in the world of software development could mean absolutely nothing. This is something that recruiting firms have yet to grasp (which is why programmers should probably stay away from headhunting firms, which is for another post). Good hiring managers know this.
So you may be thinking, “I’m a recent grad, how can I possibly have a portfolio this early?” If you became a software developer because it supposedly paid well, you’re out of luck. You likely don’t love the craft, and you might lack the ambition to have done anything significant as a developer up until this point. But developers who love what they do can:
- Get an internship
- Get involved in an open-source project
- Roll your own project
The point is to have something cool to talk about at your interview. If you’re being hired out of college, for the love of god, make sure that you have something that your interviewer can talk about other than what your favorite classes were in school.
The third rule is that you can’t look like a rookie.
Forgive the l33t talk, but in a tough economy, companies don’t have the money to risk on hiring a noob. They want to hire someone who can jump in on a project and hit the ground running. There is little to no “on the job training” in the world of software development.
So what can you do to avoid looking like a noob?
- Chances are, you shouldn’t wear a business suit to the interview. The goal is to look well put-together, but fairly casual.
- Bring a nice stack of screenshots which showcase projects you worked on. Don’t unnaturally force the interviewer to take a gander, but if you’re explaining a project you worked on, it can be much more effective to put an image to the description.
- Don’t use idiotic jargon on your resume. Example resumes online have absurd phrases like “goal-oriented, motivated individual seeking position in a fast-paced agile environment where they can grow, learn, and advance”. All I see when I read that is “n00b, noob, noob, I’m a fat scrub.”
- Don’t use acronyms that you can’t back up. If you list both Ruby and PHP as languages that you know, be sure that you can answer thorough question on each. And expect to answer the fraud destroyer questions like, “So can you tell me about some of the ways that PHP and Ruby differ for both good and bad?” This is truly an open-ended question, and the interviewer is really just trying to gauge your expertise.
The fourth rule is that it’s okay to say that you don’t know.
“I don’t know.” — A wonderful phrase used by millions of students in the world to get teachers off their backs when they’re called out because they weren’t paying attention. But in the business world, apparently ”I don’t know” is an invitation to disaster.
Guess what? If you’re pitched a cut-and-dry question like “How is garbage collection handled in C#?,” and you don’t know, just say so! Essentially, be calm and say something like “that’s something I’ve actually never looked very deeply into, so I’m not entirely sure.” The interviewer may ask you describe how you think it works. This is when it’s okay to say something that might be wrong.. He just wants to hear you think out loud.
The worst thing you can possibly do is act like you do know, but be wrong. In software development, admitting when you need help or you don’t know how to do something is key to the success of the team. Project managers want someone with a “can do” attitude, but they don’t want someone who is going to throw the project off schedule because of his pride and his refusal to admit he needs help.
Also, saying you don’t know does not make you look like a rookie (see rule #3). Software development is a gigantic, always-changing field, and it’s impossible to know the ins-and-outs of everything.
The fifth major rule is that you have to build street cred.
Expect to be Googled (especially if you have a unique last name like Katzgrau). For me, no one’s name is safe from The Google. Whenever I’m about to work with another developer, I check up on their internet rep. Why?
Because if they have a website, blog, github account, stackoverflow account, sourceforge page, etc, I can begin to verify their authenticity. Suppose I get two resumes, and one of them has a GitHub account listed. If I can see some of their code contributions online, I have a much more realistic sense of who they are as a developer — not the actor that walks in the door trying to impress me. I would absolutely feel much better working with someone who’s code quality and contributions I can verify.
Get a website, blog, or some other public account where the smart guy that you are can really shine.
A word on having a college degree:
College degrees are not always required for some of the best development jobs. You can easily make 100k+ if you’re great at what you do, and you don’t have a degree.
That being said, you should probably have one. I hate to think it, but some companies and hiring managers will actually check to make sure you have a degree despite other fantastic credentials on your resume. It’s practically a stamp of approval from another institution.
But in reality, what good is a degree? There are certainly some institutions out there whose Computer Science degree courses are fantastic, useful, and progressive. But the majority of them — and I think I’m safe to say this — suck. Students are usually stuck in a classroom with professors who haven’t worked in industry for at least 20 years, if ever. They can’t tell you about things like unit testing, design patterns, version control, agile development, code reviews, or other industry shenanigans like that. But that’s just my take, and certainly doesn’t apply to everybody.
It’s really interesting, because the development fields’ laxness in regard to degrees is in stark contrast to fields like Education. For many teaching jobs, you must have a Master’s degree. Did that Master’s really help any teachers teach more effectively? I don’t know the answer to this question, but I’m skeptical.
And a degree from a fancy-pants place like MIT will probably help you get in the door (if not from sheer prestige, than probably from networking), but it won’t carry you forever. Ultimately, it’s the work that you’ve done that gets you future jobs, and help you take over the world.
Lastly, some smaller, but important notes that don’t deserve a spiel
- Don’t pitch yourself as a language-specific developer. It’s important to list technologies that you’re really good at, but don’t make it seem like the only thing you’re interested in is one language. Java developers seem to do this a lot, but I have little basis for this other than observation.
- If you’re still in school, maintain a good GPA, and above all, read this classic on the Joel On Software Blog
- Know at least one language that is widespread. It’s cool to be a Python developer right now, but most job postings are looking for C, PHP, .NET, or Ruby devs. Python is something that is totally awesome, but it might not open all the doors that you’d like.
- Always make sure your resume is up to date. When you work with a new language or you are on a new project, make sure it gets a spot.
- Resumes, contrary to popular belief, do not have to fit on one page. If you’re a developer with a few or more projects, this can be somewhat difficult to achieve without sacrificing important information
- Prepare for the interview. Look up questions commonly asked on the interview on places like GlassDoor.com
Anyway, if you needed this advice, take it to heart, and build your cred. If you read it just to see what I had to say, pick out anything you agree or disagree with and comment. And if you think this is oh-so-absurd, start a flame war.
总结一下，如下几点：
1.要找到一份工作，你必须擅长你所做的事情。计算机行业与其他行业不同，你可以尽可能早的开始它，只要你愿意的话。你甚至可以在你上中学的时候，就建造一个网站或者开始一个视频游戏。所以如果参与过一些项目，那么对于找一份工作是非常有利的。
2.15年的工作经验也许什么都不是。更重要的是参与开源项目，掌握自己需要的知识。
3.不要看起来像个新手。面试时并不需要传一个西装，可以稍微休闲一点。不要在简历中用太多“学习”之类的词汇。在简历上应该写自己真正掌握的知识，比如说自己会PHP和Ruby，那么至少能够回答“PHP和Ruby在好的方面和坏的方面有什么区别？”这类问题。
4.要会说“我不知道”，不懂装懂是大忌。
5.最好有个BLog可以让面试官了解你的技术。
6.应该有个学位。
另外一些方面：
a.不要把自己局限为单一语言的开发者。
b.如果还在学校的话，保持良好的GPA。
c.持续更新你的简历，如果学习了一个新语言或参与了一个新项目，更新简历。
d.为面试做准备，在一些网站上查看面试通常会问的一些问题。
PS:最近找工作真的很艰辛，其实觉得自己的基础还不错的，但是却像是陷入了一个诅咒。不管怎样，还是鼓励自己一下，希望自己能够坚持下去吧！