在使用shutdown immediate关闭数据库时hang住，查看alert 日志，遭遇了SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation。也即是说有一些活动进程阻止了当前的shutdown操作。咦，数据库是测试数据库啥也没有干，也没有配置db console，还有活动进程阻止呢？
1、情景再现
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> @comm_sess_users; ---->查看当前连接的session
nstance SID Serial ID Status Oracle User O/S User O/S PID Session Program Terminal Machine
--------- ------ --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- -------------------------- ---------- -------------------
sybo3 125 5 ACTIVE SYS oracle 4069 sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com pts/1 linux3.orasrv.com
SQL> host; ---->使用host切换到os提示符下
[oracle@linux3 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba ----->再次登陆到sqlplus
SQL> @comm_sess_users; ----->下面的查询可以看到Terminal显示为同一个终端, 都为sys用户, sid 139 为ACTIVE
Instance SID Serial ID Status Oracle User O/S User O/S PID Session Program Terminal Machine
--------- ------ --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- -------------------------- ---------- -------------------
sybo3 125 5 INACTIVE SYS oracle 4069 sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com pts/1 linux3.orasrv.com
139 10 ACTIVE SYS oracle 4152 sqlplus@linux3.orasrv.com pts/1 linux3.orasrv.com
SQL> @my_env; ---->查看自身的sid
SPID SID SERIAL# USERNAME PROGRAM
------------------------ ------ ---------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------
4152 139 10 oracle oracle@linux3.orasrv.com (TNS V1-V3)
SQL> shutdown immediate; ---->关闭数据库时，hang住，不得不使用ctrl -c 终止
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation
SQL> shutdown abort; ---->强制关闭数据库
ORACLE instance shut down.
--Author : Robinson
--Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
-->下面是后台日志的信息
Thu Jul 25 10:56:43 2013
Shutting down instance (immediate)
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled --->不允许新session登陆
Stopping background process QMNC
Thu Jul 25 10:56:43 2013
Stopping background process CJQ0
Stopping background process MMNL
Stopping background process MMON
License high water mark = 3
Thu Jul 25 11:01:53 2013
SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation --->出现无法shutdown的提示
Thu Jul 25 11:07:01 2013
SHUTDOWN: Active processes prevent shutdown operation
Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013
Starting background process SMCO
Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013
Instance shutdown cancelled --->shutdown 被cancel
Thu Jul 25 11:07:44 2013
SMCO started with pid=15, OS id=4178
Thu Jul 25 11:08:06 2013
Shutting down instance (abort) --->使用abort方式shutdown database
License high water mark = 3
USER (ospid: 4152): terminating the instance
Termination issued to instance processes. Waiting for the processes to exit
Instance termination failed to kill one or more processes
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 4152
Thu Jul 25 11:08:16 2013
Instance shutdown complete
2、分析与解决
从上面的情形来看，是由于之前的session没有断开，而后又使用了host切换到OS提示符下，导致数据库无法正常关闭。
通过进一步的测试，如果是多个非sys用户登录则不存在此现象。
Oracle对此给出的说明是这不是一个Oracle bug，而是使用了一个非正常的数据库关闭顺序。
建议先断开所有连接再关闭数据库，如先关闭db control，具体见下面的Oracle 文档及示例。
3、Doc ID 416658.1
Shutdown Immediate Hangs / Active Processes Prevent Shutdown (Doc ID 416658.1)
Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.1.0.2 to 11.2.0.2 - Release: 10.1 to 11.2
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.1.0.2 to 11.2.0.2 [Release: 10.1 to 11.2]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
Symptoms
The 'shutdown immediate' command hangs or is very slow
The alert log lists messages like:
SHUTDOWN: waiting for active calls to complete.ACTIVE PROCESSES PREVENT SHUTDOWN OPERATION
Cause
This is not a bug.
If the DB Control repository is running on the database target against which shutdown immediate was attempted then an incorrect
order of events seems used.
You should stop DB Control first to get rid of all connections between DB Control and the repository database and then shutdown
the database with 'shutdown immediate'.
Current database sessions may show:
SQL> select SID, USERNAME, PROGRAM from v$session;
SID USERNAME PROGRAM
----- ---------------------- ----------------------------------
243 SYSTEM SQL Developer
246 SYSMAN OMS
247 oracle@lgiora09 (q001)
248 oracle@lgiora09 (q000)
251 DBSNMP emagent@lgiora09 (TNS V1-V3)
252 SYSMAN OMS
253 SYSMAN OMS
254 DBSNMP emagent@lgiora09 (TNS V1-V3)
255 SYSTEM java.exe
256 SYSMAN OMS
Clearly OMS and OEM are connected (Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control or DBConsole) via users SYSMAN and DBSNMP.
These sessions should be de-activated (that is to log off any OEM, OMS, SYSMAN and DBSNMP) before the shutdown immediate is attempted.
Oracle Enterprise Manager, Grid Control, Dbconsole and agents keep doing internal processing.
This may include a few PLSQL notification procedures running on the database by database control like
BEGIN EMD_NOTIFICATION.QUEUE_READY(:1, :2, :3); END;
As per internal documentation of the shutdown immediate, if there are active calls then it would wait for all the active calls to finish.
Solution
To implement the solution:
1. Given OEM connections are active (SYSMAN and DBSNMP), de-activate these sessions, i.e. by stopping the agent/DBConsole
2. Then shutdown immediate as normal
- OR -
There may be processes still running and holding locks at the time a shutdown is issued.
Sometimes these are failed jobs or transactions, which are effectively 'zombies', which are not able to receive a signal from Oracle.
If this occurs, the only way to shutdown the database is by doing:
sql>
shutdown abort
startup restrict
shutdown normal
The startup does any necessary recovery and cleanup, so that a valid cold backup can be taken afterward.
If this issue occurs frequently, it would be a good practice to see if there are any active user processes running in v$session or
v$process before shutting down the instance.
If the problem persists, and no apparent user processes are active, you can set this event prior to issuing the shutdown command
in order to see what is happening. This will dump a systemstate every 5 minutes while shutdown is hanging
SQL>
connect / as sysdba
alter session set events '10400 trace name context forever, level 1';
更多参考
有关Oracle RAC请参考
使用crs_setperm修改RAC资源的所有者及权限
使用crs_profile管理RAC资源配置文件
RAC 数据库的启动与关闭
再说 Oracle RAC services
Services in Oracle Database 10g
Migrate datbase from single instance to Oracle RAC
Oracle RAC 连接到指定实例
Oracle RAC 负载均衡测试(结合服务器端与客户端)
Oracle RAC 服务器端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)
Oracle RAC 客户端连接负载均衡(Load Balance)
ORACLE RAC 下非缺省端口监听配置(listener.ora tnsnames.ora)
ORACLE RAC 监听配置 (listener.ora tnsnames.ora)
配置 RAC 负载均衡与故障转移
CRS-1006 , CRS-0215 故障一例
基于Linux (RHEL 5.5) 安装Oracle 10g RAC
使用 runcluvfy 校验Oracle RAC安装环境
有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请参考：
配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle
Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)
配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考
Oracle 冷备份
Oracle 热备份
Oracle 备份恢复概念
Oracle 实例恢复
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理
SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复
SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复
Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)
有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考
RMAN 概述及其体系结构
RMAN 配置、监控与管理
RMAN 备份详解
RMAN 还原与恢复
RMAN catalog 的创建和使用
基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本
基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复
RMAN 备份路径困惑
使用RMAN实现异机备份恢复(WIN平台)
使用RMAN迁移文件系统数据库到ASM
linux 下RMAN备份shell脚本
使用RMAN迁移数据库到异机
有关ORACLE体系结构请参考
Oracle 表空间与数据文件
Oracle 密码文件
Oracle 参数文件
Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)
Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)
Oracle 归档日志
Oracle 回滚(ROLLBACK)和撤销(UNDO)
Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程
Oracle 10g SGA 的自动化管理
Oracle 实例和Oracle数据库(Oracle体系结构)