在前两篇文章中描述了中小型数据库使用RMAN catalog设计备份与恢复方案，并给出了所有相关的脚本来从某种车程度上模拟Oracle Data Guard以减少硬件故障带来Prod服务器上数据库损失。在这边文章中主要描述Prod数据库的变迁在Bak server端如何进行恢复。
中小型数据库 RMAN CATALOG 备份恢复方案(一)
中小型数据库 RMAN CATALOG 备份恢复方案(二)
1、恢复前提
按照前两篇文章的描述，我们制定了每天做一个level 0级备份并ftp整个备份集到Bak server。同时定时ftp Prod的归档日志到Bak server。
其次是每天会对Bak server端的数据库做还原(restore)操作。因此对于Bak server实现数据恢复所要做的是应用归档日志(含定时ftp的归档日志)
将数据库刷新到最新时刻。对于备份如恢复的间隔也可自行定义，如每2天做一次。下面是恢复的前提条件，否则需要手动备份或还原。
使用RMAN备份脚本已经完成RMAN备份，且备份被ftp到备份服务器
使用RMAN恢复脚本已经在备份服务器成功进行了还原
2、Prod DB上准备测试数据
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME HOST_NAME
---------------- ---------------------------------------------
Ak3210 N10db03p
--为prod添加tablespace
SQL> create tablespace tbs_tmp datafile '/u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;
--基于新的tablespace添加表对象
SQL> create table xy(seq varchar2(20),who varchar2(20),dt varchar2(20)) tablespace tbs_tmp;
--插入数据
SQL> insert into xy select 'FirstArch','Robinson',to_char(sysdate,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
SQL> commit;
--对当前日志归档
SQL> alter system archive log current;
--下面是生成的归档日志
SQL> ho ls
arch_818416637_1_157.arc
--验证刚刚插入的记录是否存在于归档日志
SQL> ho strings arch_818416637_1_157.arc | grep "FirstArch"
FirstArch
--再次插入新的数据
SQL> insert into xy select 'SecnodArch','Jackson',to_char(sysdate,'yyyymmdd hh:mi:ss') from dual;
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system archive log current;
SQL> ho ls
arch_818416637_1_157.arc arch_818416637_1_158.arc
SQL> ho strings arch_818416637_1_158.arc | grep "SecnodArch"
SecnodArch
--Author : Robinson Cheng
--Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
--将归档日志文件复制到备份服务器
SQL> ho scp *.arc 192.168.250.101:/u02/database/Ak3210/archive
arch_818416637_1_157.arc 100% 34MB 34.2MB/s 00:00
arch_818416637_1_158.arc 100% 12KB 12.0KB/s 00:00
--Prod数据库的归档情况，当前Log sequence是159
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/
Oldest online log sequence 157
Next log sequence to archive 159
Current log sequence 159
SQL> col name format a60
SQL> set linesize 160
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss'; -->查询归档日志
SQL> select name,sequence#,status,COMPLETION_TIME from v$archived_log where status='A';
NAME SEQUENCE# S COMPLETION_TIME
------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- - -----------------
/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc 157 A 20130731 16:34:30
/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc 158 A 20130731 16:35:42
SQL> select * from xy;
SEQ WHO DT
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
FirstArch Robinson 20130731 16:34:15
SecnodArch Jackson 20130731 16:35:35
3、Bak Server上DB的恢复操作
oracle@BKDB01p:~> export ORACLE_SID=Ak3210
oracle@BKDB01p:~> rman target / catalog rman_user/rman@catadb --在备份服务器上连接target DB 及catalog DB
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Jul 31 16:39:45 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> startup mount; --->启动数据库到mount状态
RMAN> restore archivelog all; --->还原所有的归档日志
Starting restore at 20130731 16:41:35
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=1090 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=156
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/database/Ak3210/flash_recovery_area/Ak3210/backupset/
2013_07_31/o1_mf_annnn_ARCHBK_8zkgnw5t_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/database/Ak3210/flash_recovery_area/Ak3210/backupset/2013_07_31/o1_mf_annnn_ARCHBK_8zkgnw5t_.bkp tag=ARCHBK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=155
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/database/Ak3210/flash_recovery_area/Ak3210/backupset/
2013_07_31/o1_mf_annnn_ARCHBK_8zkgnw5l_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/database/Ak3210/flash_recovery_area/Ak3210/backupset/2013_07_31/o1_mf_annnn_ARCHBK_8zkgnw5l_.bkp tag=ARCHBK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished restore at 20130731 16:41:46
RMAN> list copy; --->查看刚刚还原出来的日志文件
List of Archived Log Copies
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time Name
------- ---- ------- - ----------------- ----
34428 1 155 A 20130731 01:00:50 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_155.arc
34427 1 156 A 20130731 15:19:54 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_156.arc
RMAN> catalog archivelog '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc'; --->将新的归档日志注册到catalog
cataloged archive log
archive log filename=/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc recid=148 stamp=822242629
RMAN> catalog archivelog '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc';
cataloged archive log
archive log filename=/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc recid=149 stamp=822242639
RMAN> list copy; --->再次查看时，所有的归档日志已经位于归档目录
List of Archived Log Copies
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time Name
------- ---- ------- - ----------------- ----
34428 1 155 A 20130731 01:00:50 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_155.arc
34427 1 156 A 20130731 15:19:54 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_156.arc
34495 1 157 A 20130731 15:19:55 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc
34534 1 158 A 20130731 16:34:30 /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc
RMAN> run{ --->使用until方式恢复数据库，下面给出了错误提示
2> set until sequence 159;
3> recover database;}
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 20130731 16:45:47
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 155 is already on disk as file /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_155.arc
archive log thread 1 sequence 156 is already on disk as file /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_156.arc
archive log thread 1 sequence 157 is already on disk as file /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc
archive log thread 1 sequence 158 is already on disk as file /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/31/2013 16:45:51
RMAN-06053: unable to perform media recovery because of missing log
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 94 lowscn 2457942 found to restore
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
oracle@BKDB01p:~> export ORACLE_SID=Ak3210
oracle@BKDB01p:~> sqlplus / as sysdba --->下面在sqlplus进行恢复
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile; --->使用基于备份的控制文件恢复数据库
ORA-00279: change 2654259 generated at 07/31/2013 15:19:26 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_155.arc
ORA-00280: change 2654259 for thread 1 is in sequence #155
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto --->输入auto，自动apply日志文件
ORA-00279: change 2654361 generated at 07/31/2013 15:19:54 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_156.arc
ORA-00280: change 2654361 for thread 1 is in sequence #156
ORA-00278: log file '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_155.arc' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 2654372 generated at 07/31/2013 15:19:55 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc
ORA-00280: change 2654372 for thread 1 is in sequence #157 --->日志apply到157
ORA-00278: log file '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_156.arc' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors --->下面提示出现了一个未知的数据文件添加到控制文件
ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to control file by media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 26: '/u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started --->给出错误信息，提示介质恢复没有启动
SQL> ho ls /u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf --->查看相应的数据文件，因为这个文件在备份服务器根本就不存在
ls: /u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf: No such file or directory
--->使用下面的命令来重建数据文件，为什么可以这样操作呢？这个是依赖于归档日志记录了这个数据文件
SQL> alter database create datafile 26 as '/u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> ho ls /u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf --->再次查看数据文件已经存在了
/u02/database/Ak3210/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile; --->再次恢复数据库
ORA-00279: change 2656873 generated at 07/31/2013 16:33:06 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc
ORA-00280: change 2656873 for thread 1 is in sequence #157
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto --->输入auto
ORA-00279: change 2656938 generated at 07/31/2013 16:34:30 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc
ORA-00280: change 2656938 for thread 1 is in sequence #158
ORA-00278: log file '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_157.arc' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 2656966 generated at 07/31/2013 16:35:42 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_159.arc
ORA-00280: change 2656966 for thread 1 is in sequence #159
ORA-00278: log file '/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_158.arc' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_159.arc' --->寻找sequence为159的，实际上它是不存在的，所以找不到
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; --->再次恢复数据库
ORA-00279: change 2656966 generated at 07/31/2013 16:35:42 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/database/Ak3210/archive/arch_818416637_1_159.arc
ORA-00280: change 2656966 for thread 1 is in sequence #159
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel --->输入cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs; --->以resetlogs方式open数据库
Database altered.
SQL> select * from xy; --->验证结果，数据库恢复成功
SEQ WHO DT
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
FirstArch Robinson 20130731 16:34:15
SecnodArch Jackson 20130731 16:35:35
SQL> shutdown immediate; --->关闭数据库
oracle@BKDB01p:~> export ORACLE_SID=Ak3210
oracle@BKDB01p:~> rman target / catalog rman_user/rman@catadb --->再次连接到catalog
RMAN> startup mount; --->启动到mount状态
Oracle instance started
database mounted
new incarnation of database registered in recovery catalog --->可以看到新的incarnation被注册到了catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN> list incarnation; --->列出当前数据库的incarnation
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
357 358 Ak3210 1008246269 PARENT 1 20130618 09:57:17
357 34690 Ak3210 1008246269 CURRENT 2656967 20130731 16:54:39
RMAN> reset database to incarnation 358; --->重置当前数据库的incarnation
database reset to incarnation 358
RMAN> resync catalog; --->同步的catalog
RMAN> shutdown abort;
对于在Prod段删除表空间和数据文件的处理比添加较为简单，无需要单独处理。直接执行restore以及recover就可了。但是其对应的物理数据文件依旧
存在于OS系统之上，可以手动删除即可。
相关参考
中小型数据库 RMAN CATALOG 备份恢复方案(一)
中小型数据库 RMAN CATALOG 备份恢复方案(二)
RMAN 数据库克隆文件位置转换方法
基于RMAN的异机数据库克隆(rman duplicate)
基于 RMAN 的同机数据库克隆
基于用户管理的同机数据库克隆
基于RMAN从活动数据库异机克隆(rman duplicate from active DB)
RMAN duplicate from active 时遭遇 ORA-17627 ORA-12154
Oracle 冷备份
Oracle 热备份
Oracle 备份恢复概念
Oracle 实例恢复
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理
SYSTEM 表空间管理及备份恢复
SYSAUX表空间管理及恢复
Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)
RMAN 概述及其体系结构
RMAN 配置、监控与管理
RMAN 备份详解
RMAN 还原与恢复
RMAN catalog 的创建和使用
基于catalog 创建RMAN存储脚本
基于catalog 的RMAN 备份与恢复
RMAN 备份路径困惑
自定义 RMAN 显示的日期时间格式
只读表空间的备份与恢复
Oracle 基于用户管理的不完全恢复
理解 using backup controlfile
使用RMAN实现异机备份恢复(WIN平台)
使用RMAN迁移文件系统数据库到ASM
基于Linux下 Oracle 备份策略(RMAN)
Linux 下RMAN备份shell脚本
使用RMAN迁移数据库到异机
RMAN 提示符下执行SQL语句
Oracle 基于 RMAN 的不完全恢复(incomplete recovery by RMAN)
rman 还原归档日志(restore archivelog)