作者：张华 发表于：2021-12-06
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( http://blog.csdn.net/quqi99 )
五年前做过类似的事，见: https://blog.csdn.net/quqi99/article/details/50640902
Prepare Kernel
sudo apt install qemu qemu-kvm bridge-utils virt-manager -y
sudo apt install bison flex libelf-dev libssl-dev build-essential libncurses-dev -y
sudo apt install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev -y
git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
cd linux-2.6
#git checkout -b v5.9 v5.9
make defconfig
#cp -v /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
./scripts/config -e DEBUG_INFO -e GDB_SCRIPTS
make menuconfig
make -j $(nproc) bzImage
#sudo make modules_install
#sudo make install./scripts/config -m E1000
make SUBDIRS=drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000 modules
ls drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko
Prepare Root fs
# Way 1
#mv rootfs.img ./core/rootfs.cpio.gz
#cd core
#gunzip rootfs.cpio.gz
#cpio -idmv < rootfs.cpio
#rm -rf rootfs.cpio
# Way 2
#sudo apt-get install debootstrap
#wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/syzkaller/master/tools/create-image.sh -O create-image.sh
#chmod +x create-image.sh
#./create-image.sh
# Way 3
cd /bak/work/linux/rootfs
wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/cdimage/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04.1-base-amd64.tar.gz
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1024 count=1M
mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot rootfs.img
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/tmpdir && sudo chown -R $USER /mnt/tmpdir
sudo mount -o loop rootfs.img /mnt/tmpdir/
sudo tar zxvf ubuntu-base-20.04.1-base-amd64.tar.gz -C /mnt/tmpdir/
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/tmpdir/etc/
sudo mount -t proc /proc /mnt/tmpdir/proc
sudo mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/tmpdir/sys
sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/tmpdir/dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/tmpdir/dev/pts
sudo chroot /mnt/tmpdir
apt update
apt-get install language-pack-en-base sudo ssh net-tools ethtool wireless-tools ifupdown \network-manager iputils-ping rsyslog htop vim xinit xorg alsa-utils --no-install-recommends
useradd ubuntu
passwd ubuntu
echo "debug" > /etc/hostname
cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 debug
EOF
echo "allowed_users=anybody" > /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
exit
sudo umount /mnt/tmpdir/proc/
sudo umount /mnt/tmpdir/sys/
sudo umount /mnt/tmpdir/dev/pts/
sudo umount /mnt/tmpdir/dev/
sudo umount /mnt/tmpdir/
或:
#create rootfs
sudo apt-get install debootstrap
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/syzkaller/master/tools/create-image.sh -O create-image.sh
chmod +x create-image.sh
./create-image.sh
#sudo mkdir -p /mnt/chroot
#sudo mount -o loop stretch.img /mnt/chroot
#sudo cp -a chroot/. /mnt/chroot/.
#sudo umount /mnt/chroot
sudo ip tuntap add mod tap user $(whoami)
sudo tunctl -t tap0 -u root
sudo brctl addif virbr0 tap0
sudo ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0
sudo brctl showstp virbr0
sudo qemu-system-x86_64 \-m 2G \-smp 2 \-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-25-generic \-append "nokaslr console=ttyS0 root=/dev/sda earlyprintk=serial" \-drive file=/bak/work/kernel/stretch.img,format=raw \-net nic \-net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \-enable-kvm \-nographic \-pidfile vm.pid \2>&1 | tee vm.log
Debug Kernel
sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -s -S -m 1024M -smp 4 \-kernel /bak/linux/linux-2.6/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \-append "nokaslr root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" \-drive file=/bak/work/linux/rootfs/rootfs.img,format=raw,index=0,media=disk \--enable-kvm -cpu host -nographiccgdb /bak/linux/linux-2.6/vmlinux
(gdb) set architecture i8086
(gdb) target remote :1234
(gdb) hbreak start_kernel
(gdb) b start_kernel
(gdb) c
(gdb) bt
(gdb) list
# Inside VM, echo 'c' | sudo tee /proc/sysrq-trigger
(gdb) add-symbol-file vmlinux 0xffffffff81000000 #echo 0x$(sudo cat /proc/kallsyms | egrep -e "T _text$" | awk '{print $1}')
(gdb) b sysrq_handle_crash
Use initramfs instead
cd /bak/work/linux/busybox
wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.34.1.tar.bz2
tar -xf busybox-1.34.1.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.34.1
make menuconfig
# Settings ---> [*] Build static binary (no shared libs)
make -j$(nproc) && make installcd _install/
mkdir proc sys
cat << EOF | tee init
#!/bin/sh
echo "{==DBG==} INIT SCRIPT"
mkdir /tmp
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
mdev -s
echo -e "{==DBG==} Boot took $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/uptime) seconds"
setsid /bin/cttyhack setuidgid 1000 /bin/sh
EOF
chmod +x init
find . | cpio -o --format=newc > ./rootfs.imgqemu-system-x86_64 -kernel /bak/linux/linux-2.6/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \-initrd /bak/work/linux/busybox/busybox-1.34.1/_install/rootfs.img \-append "nokaslr console=ttyS0" -nographic -s -S
cgdb /bak/linux/linux-2.6/vmlinux
(gdb) target remote :1234
Failed to use eclipse due to ‘Failed to execute MI command’
# download eclipse PlatformRuntime version
# https://archive.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops4/R-4.21-202109060500/#PlatformRuntime
# As of 2017, Goclipse is no longer actively maintained, We use GoSublime instead of eclipse for Go
# Install Pydev - http://www.pydev.org/updates
# Install CDT(https://www.eclipse.org/cdt/downloads.php) - https://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/10.4# use cdt to debug kernel
Import existing C/C++ Project -> Makefile Project with Existing Code, select /bak/linux/linux-2.6
Run -> Debug configurations -> C/C++ Attach to Application -> Right click to create,in 'Debugger' TAB
Debugger: gdbserver
Type: TCP
Host name or IP address: node1
Port number: 1234in 'Main' TAB
select '/bak/linux/linux-2.6/vmlinux' as C/C++ Application
select 'Disable auto buildFailed to execute MI command:
settings --> Debugger --> Main Tab --> Browse to gdb compiled for the same platform
/usr/bin/gdb
20220629更新 - 编译内核
- ubuntu kernel一般是用fakeroot来编译(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/BuildYourOwnKernel), 它编译的模块不会那么多不会遇到mkinitramfs慢的问题，也不会遇到key的问题(unsigned)
- upstream kernel如果不用make localmodconfig会编译所有模块，这样在运行mkinitramfs时会奇慢无比
- 如果遇到mkinitramfs奇慢无比，且grub又无法进，可直接指定grub项来回到原内核版本（GRUB_DEFAULT=“1>4”），１指/boot/grub/grub.cfg中的submenu项，4指submenu中的menuentry项(下标从0开始)
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev openssl libssl-dev build-essential openssl pkg-config libc6-dev \bison flex libelf-dev minizip libidn11-dev libidn11 libssl-dev fakeroot zlibc \makedumpfile kernel-wedge libelf-dev asciidoc binutils-dev ncurses-dev qttools5-dev liblz4-tool -y
#Speed up subsequent compilation
sudo apt install ccache -y
export USE_CCACHE=1
export CCACHE_DIR="/home/hua/.ccache"
export CC="ccache gcc"
export CXX="ccache g++"
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/lib/ccache"
ccache -M 2G
sudo cp /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/
sudo ln -s ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s ccache /usr/local/bin/g++
sudo ln -s ccache /usr/local/bin/cc
sudo ln -s ccache /usr/local/bin/c++
ccache -scd /bak/kernel
#sudo apt source linux-image-unsigned-$(uname -r)
#sudo apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)
#sudo apt source linux
sudo apt-get install linux-source
sudo tar -xf linux-source-5.15.0.tar.bz2
/bak/kernel/linux-source-5.15.0
sudo chown -R $USER /bak/kernel/
cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
sed -i 's/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=m/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y/g' .config
sed -i 's/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS=m/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS=y/g' .config
sed -i 's/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_DEVICES=""/CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_DEVICES="binder,hwbinder,vndbinder"/g' .config\
#make localmodconfig #speed compliling time for test
#make defconfig
#for the first compilation, should first click 'Load', then 'Save'
make menuconfig
cp .config /tmp/ && make mrproper && cp /tmp/.config .
grep -i -r 'binder' .config#then use vim to modify .config, or set CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING=n (scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS)
#
# Certificates for signature checking
#
CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_KEY="certs/signing_key.pem"
CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS=""
CONFIG_SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_EXTRA_CERTIFICATE_SIZE=4096
CONFIG_SECONDARY_TRUSTED_KEYRING=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST=""
CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_LIST=y
CONFIG_SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS=""
# end of Certificates for signature checking#make bzImage -j$(nproc)
#make modules -j$(nproc)
#make -j$(nproc)
#make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- modules
make -j1
sudo make modules_install#这里出错实际上因为之前空间不足删除了/usr/src所致，/var/lib/dkms/nvidia里有软链指向/usr/src
#Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file
for i in /var/lib/dkms/*/[^k]*/source; do [ -e "$i" ] || echo "$i";done
sudo cp -r /var/lib/dkms/backport-iwlwifi ~/dkms_bakup/
sudo cp -r /var/lib/dkms/nvidia ~/dkms_bakup/
sudo cp -r /var/lib/dkms/sysdig ~/dkms_bakup/
sudo cp -r /var/lib/dkms/v4l2loopback ~/dkms_bakup/
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dkms/backport-iwlwifi
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dkms/nvidia
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dkms/sysdig
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dkms/v4l2loopback#sudo make install
sudo mkinitramfs -v /lib/modules/5.15.35 -o /boot/initrd.img-5.15.35
sudo cp /bak/kernel/linux-source-5.15.0/arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.35
sudo cp /bak/kernel/linux-source-5.15.0/System.map /boot/System.map-5.15.35
sudo update-grub2
shutdown -r now
下面改为fakeroot来build ubuntu kernel
#https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/BuildYourOwnKernel
apt source linux-image-unsigned-$(uname -r)
cd linux-5.15.0
chmod a+x debian/rules
chmod a+x debian/scripts/*
chmod a+x debian/scripts/misc/*
LANG=C fakeroot debian/rules clean
#可按/来搜索配置找到配置路径，如搜索CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_DEVICES
LANG=C fakeroot debian/rules editconfigs
#将下列配置：
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS=y
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_DEVICES="binder,hwbinder,vndbinder"
CONFIG_FUSE_FS=y
#改成:
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=m
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS=m
CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_DEVICES=""
CONFIG_FUSE_FS=y
#注意，为了避免再次运行editconfigs时验证出错，可能也要同时修改debian.master/config/annotations与debian.master/config/amd64/config.flavour.genericsudo apt-get install libncurses-dev gawk flex bison openssl libssl-dev dkms libelf-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libiberty-dev autoconf devscripts default-jdk
sudo apt-get build-dep linux linux-image-$(uname -r)
# quicker build:
LANG=C fakeroot debian/rules DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=parallel=4 binary-headers binary-generic binary-perarch
#we should always use 'skipabi=true', 'skipmodule=true' means only generate linux-image and linux-header
# if you need linux-tools or lowlatency kernel, run instead:
LANG=C fakeroot debian/rules binary
如果报这下面错,是要安装jdk(sudo apt install default-jdk), 但怎么不重新编译只局部编译kernel-tools呢?
install: cannot stat '/bak/kernel/linux-5.15.0/debian/build/tools-perarch/tools/perf/libperf-jvmti.so': No such file or directory
对于下面的’ NOEXTRAS=1 skipabi=true skipmodule=true’只重建debs，但没有修改过的源文件被重建。因为debian/rules不是内核的Makefile。它无法知道你编辑的文件是最终内核的依赖关系，因为这些依赖关系在真正的Makefile中。见: http://cn.voidcc.com/question/p-neprwdjp-ou.html
注: 经找专家确认, ubuntu就是无法编译局部部件的, 只能整个地再编译一次. 当然可以类似make -C tools/perf来编译二进制测试, 但那是无法编译成deb包的.
#LANG=C NOEXTRAS=1 skipabi=true skipmodule=true fakeroot debian/rules DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=parallel=4 binary-headers binary-generic binary-perarch
要创建符号表的话再添加:skipdbg=false
安装kernel后如果nvidia-smi不work的话可能需要重装nvidia
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-418 -y
$ ls /var/lib/dkms/nvidia
470.129.06
$ dkms status
nvidia/470.129.06: added
Reference
[1] https://www.jeanleo.com/2020/08/30/qemu%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA/
[2] https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1793157
[3] https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1793157
[4] https://gist.github.com/adwait1-G/5b4ae85239619e6f94b01cfb1bdb7dd6
[5] http://nickdesaulniers.github.io/blog/2018/10/24/booting-a-custom-linux-kernel-in-qemu-and-debugging-it-with-gdb/