【Conda】【Anaconda】Linux下conda环境没有和系统环境隔离的问题

创建conda环境后，发现它没有和系统环境隔离. 本文记录该问题和解决方法.

1. 问题产生

新建环境，指定python版本为3.6

$ conda create -n venv3.6 python=3.6

激活环境

$ conda activate venv3.6
(venv3.6)$

使用pip list查看python包列表时出现系统python的包

(venv3.6)$ pip list
Package             Version
------------------- -------------------
argon2-cffi         20.1.0
async-generator     1.10
attrs               20.3.0
backcall            0.2.0
bleach              3.2.1
certifi             2020.11.8
cffi                1.14.3
decorator           4.4.2
defusedxml          0.6.0
entrypoints         0.3
importlib-metadata  1.7.0
ipykernel           5.3.4
ipython             7.16.1
ipython-genutils    0.2.0
ipywidgets          7.5.1
jedi                0.17.2
jsonschema          3.2.0
jupyter             1.0.0
jupyter-client      6.1.7
jupyter-console     6.2.0
jupyter-core        4.6.3
jupyterlab-pygments 0.1.2
mistune             0.8.4
nbclient            0.5.1
nbconvert           6.0.7
nbformat            5.0.8
nest-asyncio        1.4.2
notebook            6.1.5
packaging           20.4
pandocfilters       1.4.3
parso               0.7.1
pbr                 5.4.5
pickleshare         0.7.5
pip                 20.2.4
prometheus-client   0.8.0
prompt-toolkit      3.0.8
pycparser           2.20
Pygments            2.7.2
pyrsistent          0.17.3
python-dateutil     2.8.1
pyzmq               19.0.2
qtconsole           4.7.7
QtPy                1.9.0
Send2Trash          1.5.0
setuptools          50.3.2.post20201201
six                 1.11.0
stevedore           3.2.0
terminado           0.9.1
testpath            0.4.4
tornado             6.1
traitlets           4.3.3
virtualenv          16.7.9
virtualenv-clone    0.5.4
virtualenvwrapper   4.8.4
wcwidth             0.2.5
webencodings        0.5.1
wheel               0.36.0
widgetsnbextension  3.5.1
zipp                3.1.0

python和pip都是环境中的路径，没有问题

(venv3.6)$ which python
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/bin/python
(venv3.6)$ which pip
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/bin/pip

查看sys.path，包含了用户~/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages路径

(venv3.6)$ python
>>> import sys
>>> for p in sys.path:
...     print(p)
... /home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python36.zip
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload
/home/user/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages
>>> 

2. 问题原因

有待进一步确定

3. 解决方案

目前除了issues448，也没有更好的办法了.

使用venv3.6环境时，设置环境变量PYTHONNOUSERSITE为True.

(venv3.6) user@userUbuntu:~$ export PYTHONNOUSERSITE=True

查看sys.path，清除了用户site-packages路劲.

(venv3.6) user@userUbuntu:~$ python
>>> import sys
>>> for p in sys.path:
...     print(p)
... /home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python36.zip
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload
/home/user/anaconda3/envs/venv3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages
>>>

不使用venv3.6环境时，则删除环境变量PYTHONNOUSERSITE即可.

$ unset PYTHONNOUSERSITE