前言
简单粗暴的说
官方提供的默认的spring boot starter中有些许依赖或者配置是我们在开发过程中
所不需要的,对此我们可以自定义一个starter,来满足我们的开发需求
首先,要知道我们并不需要创建一个springboot项目,一个maven项目远远足够了
其次,废话不多说了,直接看代码
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.su</groupId><artifactId>su-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><packaging>jar</packaging><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- spring boot 自动配置需要的包 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId><version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>
注:关于artifactId
官方命名格式为: spring-boot-starter-{name}
非官方建议命名格式:{name}-spring-boot-starter
首先,我们创建一个配置文件映射实体类
HelloServiceProperties .java
package com.su;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;/*** 配置文件映射实体类* @anchor:su* 备注:* 1.@ConfigurationProperties:将application.properties配置文件中的 * 符合规则的配置参数映射到实体类中* 2.preffix,该属性配置了读取参数的前缀* 根据实体属性对应配置文件内的配置为:hello.msg* 配置文件中不提供时则使用默认值*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="hello")
public class HelloServiceProperties {
//设置消息内容的默认值private String msg = "World";public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}
}
其次,我们创建一个service 来编写我们的业务逻辑
HelloService.java
package com.su;
/*** 业务类* @author su*/
public class HelloService {
private String msg;public String haloHello(){return "Hello Starter ===============>>>>"+msg;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;};
}
然后,重要的AutoConfiguration来临了
HelloServiceAutoConfiguration.java
package com.su;import com.su.HelloService;
import com.su.HelloServiceProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** 自定义starter自动配置类* @author su*/
/*** 注解详解* 1. @Configuration:说明该类是配置类,等价于xml中的beans* 2. @EnableConfigurationProperties(com.su.HelloServiceProperties.class):开启属性注入* 3. @ConditionalOnClass(com.su.HelloService.class):条件注解* 当类路径下有指定的类的条件(即存在HelloService时初始化该配置类)* 4. @ConditionalOnProperty* (prefix=”hello”,value=”enabled”,matchIfMissing=true):条件注解* (存在配置前缀hello,开启,缺失检查)* 存在对应配置信息时初始化该配置类*/
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloServiceProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix="hello",value="enabled",matchIfMissing=true)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {
//映射类@Autowiredprivate HelloServiceProperties helloServiceProperties;/*** @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)* 当SpringIoc容器内不存在指定Bean的条件* (缺失HelloService实体bean时,初始化HelloService)* 并添加到SpringIoc中* @return*/@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)public HelloService helloService(){System.out.println("Execute Create New Bean");HelloService helloService = new HelloService();helloService.setMsg(helloServiceProperties.getMsg());return helloService;}
}
从starter的自动化运作原理中,我们可以得知
@SpringBootApplication上存在一个开启自动化配置的注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
以下为该注解源码:
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";Class<?>[] exclude() default {};String[] excludeName() default {};
}
不难看出,在@EnableAutoConfiguration注解内使用@import 来导入配置
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector内部使用
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法进行扫描
具有META-INF/spring.factories文件的jar包
以下是spring-boot-autoconfigure包内的spring.factories文件内容:
# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.AutoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener
#######等等
照猫画瓢,我们也用相同的key-value形式来定义我们的内容
因为我们这是要实现自定义starter配置,所以我们的key为:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration
在resources下自定义 META-INF/spring.factories
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.su.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
至此,我们的自定义starter就大功告成了
最后一步就是,创建一个Springboot项目来测试我们的starter
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.su</groupId><artifactId>test-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>test-spring-boot-starter</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><!-- 引用依赖的父包 --><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency> <!--自定义starter依赖--><dependency><groupId>com.su</groupId><artifactId>su-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version></dependency><!--web--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!--test--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>
编写测试类
MainApplication.java
package com.su;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** 测试* @anchor su*/
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);}@Autowiredpublic HelloService helloService;@RequestMapping("/halo")public String index(){return helloService.haloHello();}
}
在运行项目之前,我们打开application.properties配置文件
#开启debug模式,查看自动化配置的输出日志
debug=true
#定义消息内容
hello.msg = success
启动项目 查看控制台输出日志 看页面输出信息
访问路径 http://localhost:8080/halo
注:在IDEA中因为没有工作空间这个概念
所以我们需要将starter项目 mvn install 到本地仓库中
或者 在test项目右侧 点击maven projects 点击+ 将starter项目的pom添加进去即可
Eclipse开发则无这个问题
再者
若starter和test项目包名不同,则需要在测试类上添加@ComponentScan(basePackages={“com.su”})