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【GO】方法集问题cannot use xxxxx as xxxxx value in variable declaration

热度:37   发布时间:2023-11-25 07:11:59.0

注:
本文代码来自https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/47616970
解释资料来自https://www.jianshu.com/p/d93656cdce0a

先看这一段代码

package mainimport ("fmt"
)type People interface {
    Speak(string) string
}type Stduent struct{
    }func (stu *Stduent) Speak(think string) (talk string) {
    if think == "eat" {
    talk = "You are a good boy"} else {
    talk = "hi"}return
}func main() {
    var peo People = Stduent{
    }think := "eat"fmt.Println(peo.Speak(think))
}

这段代码是编译不通过的,原因如下
cannot use (Stduent literal) (value of type Stduent) as People value in variable declaration: missing method Speak (Speak has pointer receiver)
我就感觉奇怪,明明Student实现了Speak方法,为什么报错说没有实现呢?

这里就涉及到一个【方法集】的概念了,第一次接触的同学可以去百度学习一下。
其中,Student实现的Speak方法中,"(stu Student)"这个叫做接收器(receiver),如果变量是T,那么接收器类型为(t T)的才算变量T实现的方法;如果变量是T,那么接收器类型为(t T)和(t *T)的都算变量T实现的方法。写成表格的形式如下:

变量类型 方法接收器类型
T (t T)
*T (t T)+(t *T)

看回我们的代码,peo声明的是Student{},也就是普通的T,所以只能接收(t T)的方法,而我们的Speak是(stu *Student)的,所以就有了上面的错误。
修改很简单,把peo声明为指针类型,或者把接收器的指针标识去掉

方法1:修改变量类型

package mainimport ("fmt"
)type People interface {
    Speak(string) string
}type Stduent struct{
    }func (stu *Stduent) Speak(think string) (talk string) {
    if think == "eat" {
    talk = "You are a good boy"} else {
    talk = "hi"}return
}func main() {
    var peo People = &Stduent{
    }think := "eat"fmt.Println(peo.Speak(think))
}

方法2:修改接收器类型

package mainimport ("fmt"
)type People interface {
    Speak(string) string
}type Stduent struct{
    }func (stu Stduent) Speak(think string) (talk string) {
    if think == "eat" {
    talk = "You are a good boy"} else {
    talk = "hi"}return
}func main() {
    var peo People = Stduent{
    }think := "eat"fmt.Println(peo.Speak(think))
}

方法3:
改成 peo := Stduent{} 即可

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