对MySQL数据库的备份与恢复是非常有必要的,它可以用很多种方法来实现,本文我们主要介绍了使用Xtrabackup来进行备份的全部过程,接下来就让我们一起来了解一下这部分内容。
Xtrabackup是percona公司的开源项目,用以实现类似innodb官方的热备份工具InnoDB Hot Backup的功能,能够非常快速地备份与恢复mysql数据库。 Xtrabackup中包含两个工具:
xtrabackup是用于热备份innodb, xtradb表中数据的工具,不能备份其他类型的表,也不能备份数据表结构;
innobackupex是将xtrabackup进行封装的perl脚本,提供了备份myisam表的能力。
由于innobackupex的功能更为全面和完善,所以,本文以innobackupex作为基础进行研究描述。
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下载和安装
在以下地址可以下载到xtrabackup:http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/,可以根据自己的需要选择稳定版本或者最新版本以及操作系统、源码包或者rpm包等等。
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其中,
innobackupex是我们要使用的备份工具;
xtrabackup是被封装在innobackupex之中的,innobackupex运行时需要调用它;
xtrabackup_51是xtrabackup运行时需要调用的工具;
tar4ibd是以tar流的形式产生备份时用来打包的工具。
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以下是几个备份小脚本,仅供参考:
1.完整备份
#!/bin/bash
#
DATE=`date "+%F"`
User="root"
Passwd="mysql"
IP="localhost"
databak_dir="/mysqlbackup/full/$DATE" ? #备份的目录
eMailFile=/mysqlbackup/full/email.txt
logFile=/mysqlbackup/full/logs/mysql-$DATE.log
Database="test_db"
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if [ ! -d $databak_dir ] ; then
? mkdir -p $databak_dir
fi
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echo " ? ? " > $eMailFile
echo "---------------------------------" >> $eMailFile
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") >> $eMailFile
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/usr/bin/innobackupex --user=$User --password=$Passwd --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=$Database ?$databak_dir >> $eMailFile 2>&1
ls -d /mysqlbackup/full/$DATE > /mysqlbackup/full/1.txt
ls /mysqlbackup/full/$DATE > /mysqlbackup/full/2.txt
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if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
? ? ? echo "BackupFileName:$Database" >> $eMailFile
? ? ? echo "DataBase Backup Success" >> $eMailFile
? ? else
? ? ? echo "DataBase Backup Fail!" >> $eMailFile
? ? ? mail -s " DataBase Backup Fail " $eMail < $eMailFile ?#如果备份不成功发送邮件通知
? fi
echo "--------------------------------------------------------" >> $logFile
cat $eMailFile >> $logFile
find /mysqlbackup/full/ -name "*" -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf
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2.增量备份
#!/bin/bash
#
DATE=`date "+%F"`
User="root"
Passwd="mysql"
IP="localhost"
databak_dir="/mysqlbackup/increment/$DATE" ? #备份的目录
eMailFile=/mysqlbackup/increment/email.txt
logFile=/mysqlbackup/increment/logs/mysql-$DATE.log
Database="test_db"
FDIR1=`cat /mysqlbackup/full/1.txt`
FDIR2=`cat /mysqlbackup/full/2.txt`
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if [ ! -d $databak_dir ] ; then
? mkdir -p $databak_dir
fi
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echo " ? ? " > $eMailFile
echo "---------------------------------" >> $eMailFile
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") >> $eMailFile
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/usr/bin/innobackupex --user=$User --password=$Passwd --database=$Database --incremental --incremental-basedir=$FDIR1/$FDIR2/ $databak_dir >> $eMailFile 2>&1
ls -d /mysqlbackup/increment/$DATE > /mysqlbackup/increment/1.txt
ls /mysqlbackup/increment/$DATE > /mysqlbackup/increment/2.txt
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if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
? ? ? echo "BackupFileName:$Database" >> $eMailFile
? ? ? echo "DataBase Increment Backup Success" >> $eMailFile
? ? else
? ? ? echo "DataBase Increment Backup Fail!" >> $eMailFile
? ? ? mail -s " DataBase Increment Backup Fail " $eMail < $eMailFile ?#如果备份不成功发送邮件通知
? fi
echo "--------------------------------------------------------" >> $logFile
cat $eMailFile >> $logFile
find /mysqlbackup/increment/ -name "*" -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf
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3.还原
#!/bin/bash
#
DATE=`date "+%F"`
User="root"
Passwd="mysql"
IP="localhost"
Database="test_db"
FDIR1=`cat /mysqlbackup/full/1.txt`
FDIR2=`cat /mysqlbackup/full/2.txt`
IDIR1=`cat /mysqlbackup/increment/1.txt`
IDIR2=`cat /mysqlbackup/increment/2.txt`
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#stop mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
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#apply full log
/usr/bin/innobackupex --user=$User --password=$Passwd --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf ?--apply-log $FDIR1/$FDIR2/
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#apply increment log to full data
/usr/bin/innobackupex --user=$User --password=$Passwd --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf ?--apply-log --redo-only $FDIR1/$FDIR2/ --incremental-dir=$IDIR1/$IDIR2/
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rm -f /data/mysqldata/ib*
rm -rf /data/mysql/3306/data/test_db
cp $FDIR1/$FDIR2/ib* /data/mysqldata
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata/
cp -r $FDIR1/$FDIR2/$Database /data/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/3306/data/$Database
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#start mysql
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
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还原脚本采用的是直接复制的做法,本人使用--copy-back时,老是出现报错的情况,如下:
Original data directory is not empty! at /usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/innobackupex line 538.恢复的目录必须为空。经查官网,这是xtrabackup的一个BUG。
innobackupex did not check that MySQL datadir was empty before –copy-back was run. With this bug fix, innobackupex will now error out of the –copy-back operation if the destination is not empty, avoiding potential data loss or a strang combination of a restored backup and previous data. Bug Fixed: #737569 (Valentine Gostev)
由于我的data目录不为空,此处直接拷贝就可以了。