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在?JavaScript?中使用?JSON
掌握了?JSON?格式之后,在?JavaScript?中使用它就很简单了。JSON?是?JavaScript?原生格式,这意味着在?JavaScript?中处理?JSON?数据不需要任何特殊的?API?或工具包。
将?JSON?数据赋值给变量
例如,可以创建一个新的?JavaScript?变量,然后将?JSON?格式的数据字符串直接赋值给它:
var people =
?{ "programmers": [
??? { "firstName": "Brett", "lastName":"McLaughlin", "email": "brett@newInstance.com" },
??? { "firstName": "Jason", "lastName":"Hunter", "email": "jason@servlets.com" },
??? { "firstName": "Elliotte", "lastName":"Harold", "email": "elharo@macfaq.com" }
?? ],
?"authors": [
??? { "firstName": "Isaac", "lastName": "Asimov", "genre": "science fiction" },
??? { "firstName": "Tad", "lastName": "Williams", "genre": "fantasy" },
??? { "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Peretti", "genre": "christian fiction" }
?? ],
?"musicians": [
??? { "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Clapton", "instrument": "guitar" },
??? { "firstName": "Sergei", "lastName": "Rachmaninoff", "instrument": "piano" }
?? ]
?}
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这非常简单;现在?people
?包含前面看到的?JSON?格式的数据。但是,这还不够,因为访问数据的方式似乎还不明显。
访问数据
尽管看起来不明显,但是上面的长字符串实际上只是一个数组;将这个数组放进?JavaScript?变量之后,就可以很轻松地访问它。实际上,只需用点号表示法来表示数组元素。所以,要想访问?programmers?列表的第一个条目的姓氏,只需在?JavaScript?中使用下面这样的代码:
people.programmers[0].lastName;
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注意,数组索引是从零开始的。所以,这行代码首先访问?people
?变量中的数据;然后移动到称为?programmers
?的条目,再移动到第一个记录([0]
);最后,访问?lastName
?键的值。结果是字符串值?“McLaughlin”。
下面是使用同一变量的几个示例。
people.authors[1].genre?????????????????????? // Value is "fantasy"
? people.musicians[3].lastName????????? // Undefined. This refers to the fourth entry,
and there isn't one
? people.programmers.[2].firstName????? // Value is "Elliotte"
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利用这样的语法,可以处理任何?JSON?格式的数据,而不需要使用任何额外的?JavaScript?工具包或?API。
修改?JSON?数据
正如可以用点号和括号访问数据,也可以按照同样的方式轻松地修改数据:
people.musicians[1].lastName = "Rachmaninov";
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在将字符串转换为?JavaScript?对象之后,就可以像这样修改变量中的数据。
转换回字符串
当然,如果不能轻松地将对象转换回本文提到的文本格式,那么所有数据修改都没有太大的价值。在?JavaScript?中这种转换也很简单:
String newJSONtext = people.toJSONString();
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这样就行了!现在就获得了一个可以在任何地方使用的文本字符串,例如,可以将它用作?Ajax?应用程序中的请求字符串。
更重要的是,可以将任何?JavaScript?对象转换为?JSON?文本。并非只能处理原来用?JSON?字符串赋值的变量。为了对名为?myObject
?的对象进行转换,只需执行相同形式的命令:
String myObjectInJSON = myObject.toJSONString();
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eval()可以直接读取json的字符串
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package com.nanjing.json; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import net.sf.json.JSONArray; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; import net.sf.json.xml.XMLSerializer; import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.AfterClass; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test; /** * json测试 * * @author alyssa *lib:commons-lang.jar commons-beanutills.jar commons-collections.jar * commons-logging.jar json.jar ezmorph.jar */ public class JsonlibTest{ private static Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(JsonlibTest.class); private static JSONArray jsonArray = null; private static JSONObject jsonObject = null; private static Student student = null; @BeforeClass public static void initClass(){ logger.info("test init...."); jsonArray = new JSONArray(); jsonObject = new JSONObject(); student = new Student(123,false,new char[]{'a','b','c'},"function(i){ return this.options[i]; }"); } @AfterClass public static void distoryClass(){ logger.info("test distory...."); jsonArray = null; jsonObject = null; student = null; } @Before public void init(){ } @After public void distory(){ } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") @Test(timeout=1200) public void testArray(){ //布尔值数组 boolean[] boolArray={true,false,false}; jsonArray=JSONArray.fromObject(boolArray); logger.info(jsonArray); //from collection to JSON List mylist=new ArrayList(); mylist.add("name"); mylist.add("alyssa"); jsonArray=JSONArray.fromObject(mylist); logger.info(jsonArray); //from map to JSON Map map=new HashMap(); map.put("name", "alyssa"); map.put("password", "19871102"); map.put("isMarry", false); jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(map); logger.info(jsonObject); //from bean to JSON jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(student); logger.info(jsonObject); //from JSON to Dynabean Object object=JSONObject.toBean(jsonObject); try { logger.info(jsonObject.get("name")); Assert.assertEquals(jsonObject.get("name"),PropertyUtils.getProperty(object, "name")); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(e.getMessage()); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(e.getMessage()); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(e.getMessage()); } //from JSON to bean jsonObject=JSONObject.fromObject(student); Student student=(Student)JSONObject.toBean(jsonObject,Student.class); logger.info(student.isName()); //Assert.assertEquals(jsonObject.get("name"), Boolean.valueOf(student.isName())); } }?
? 实体类
?package com.nanjing.json;
import java.util.Arrays; public class Student { private int id; private boolean name; private char[] options; private String func1; public Student(int id, boolean name, char[] options, String func1) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.options = options; this.func1 = func1; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public boolean isName() { return name; } public void setName(boolean name) { this.name = name; } public char[] getOptions() { return options; } public void setOptions(char[] options) { this.options = options; } public String getFunc1() { return func1; } public void setFunc1(String func1) { this.func1 = func1; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student [func1=" + func1 + ", id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", options=" + Arrays.toString(options) + "]"; } }?
结合servlet使用
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package com.nanjing.json; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class TestJSONServlet extends HttpServlet{ @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { PrintWriter out=response.getWriter(); Student stu=new Student(12,true,new char[]{'a','b'},"hehe"); JSONObject jSONObject=JSONObject.fromObject(stu); out.write(jSONObject.toString()); out.flush(); } }
?jsp页面
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-1.4.2.min.js"></script> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $.post("testJSONServlet",function(date){ alert(date.id); alert(date.name); },"json"); }); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
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web.xml
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<servlet> <servlet-name>testJSON</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.nanjing.json.TestJSONServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>testJSON</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/testJSONServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>?
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