多线程并发常用类：condition,se地图hore,CyclicBarrier,countdownlatch,exchanger使用整理

作为一个示例，假定有一个绑定的缓冲区，它支持 put 和 take 方法。如果试图在空的缓冲区上执行 take 操作，则在某一个项变得可用之前，线程将一直阻塞；如果试图在满的缓冲区上执行 put 操作，则在有空间变得可用之前，线程将一直阻塞。我们喜欢在单独的等待 set 中保存 put 线程和 take 线程，这样就可以在缓冲区中的项或空间变得可用时利用最佳规划，一次只通知一个线程。可以使用两个 Condition 实例来做到这一点。 

class BoundedBuffer {   final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();   final Condition notFull  = lock.newCondition();    final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();    final Object[] items = new Object[100];   int putptr, takeptr, count;   public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {     lock.lock();     try {       while (count == items.length)          notFull.await();       items[putptr] = x;        if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;       ++count;       notEmpty.signal();     } finally {       lock.unlock();     }   }   public Object take() throws InterruptedException {     lock.lock();     try {       while (count == 0)          notEmpty.await();       Object x = items[takeptr];        if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;       --count;       notFull.signal();       return x;     } finally {       lock.unlock();     }   }  }

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * 信号量  *  * @author 林计钦 * @version 1.0 2013-7-25 下午02:03:40 */public class SemaphoreTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 线程池        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();        // 只能5个线程同时访问        final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(5);        // 模拟20个客户端访问        for (int index = 0; index < 50; index++) {            final int NO = index;            Runnable run = new Runnable() {                public void run() {                    try {                        // 获取许可                        semp.acquire();                        System.out.println("Accessing: " + NO);                        Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));                        // 访问完后，释放                        semp.release();                        //availablePermits()指的是当前信号灯库中有多少个可以被使用                        System.out.println("-----------------" + semp.availablePermits());                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }            };            exec.execute(run);        }        // 退出线程池        exec.shutdown();    }}

CyclicBarrier介绍 （二）

张孝祥视频学习笔记：

CyclicBarrier 表示大家彼此等待，大家集合好后才开始出发，分散活动后又在i指定地点集合碰面，这就好比整个公司的人员利用周末时间集体郊游一样，先各自从家出发到公司集合后，再同时出发到公园游玩，在指定地点集合后再同时开始就餐……

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CyclicBarrierTest {
 public static void main(String [] args){
  ExecutorService service=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  final CyclicBarrier cb=new CyclicBarrier(3);  //三个线程同时到达
  for(int i=0;i<3;i++){          
   Runnable runnable=new Runnable(){
    public void run(){
     try {
      Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
      System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+
        "即将到达集合地点1，当前已有"+(cb.getNumberWaiting()+1)+"个已到达"+
        (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
      try {
       cb.await();
      } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
       // TODO Auto-generated catch block
       e.printStackTrace();
      }
      Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
      System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+
        "即将到达集合地点2，当前已有"+(cb.getNumberWaiting()+1)+"个已到达"+
        (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
      try {
       cb.await();
      } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
       // TODO Auto-generated catch block
       e.printStackTrace();
      }
      Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
      System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+
        "即将到达集合地点3，当前已有"+(cb.getNumberWaiting()+1)+"个已到达"+
        (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
      try {
       cb.await();
      } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
       // TODO Auto-generated catch block
       e.printStackTrace();
      }
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   };
   service.execute(runnable);
  }
  service.shutdown();
 }
}

运行结果：

线程pool-1-thread-3即将到达集合地点1，当前已有1个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-2即将到达集合地点1，当前已有2个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-1即将到达集合地点1，当前已有3个已到达都到齐了，继续走啊
线程pool-1-thread-1即将到达集合地点2，当前已有1个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-2即将到达集合地点2，当前已有2个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-3即将到达集合地点2，当前已有3个已到达都到齐了，继续走啊
线程pool-1-thread-2即将到达集合地点3，当前已有1个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-1即将到达集合地点3，当前已有2个已到达正在等候
线程pool-1-thread-3即将到达集合地点3，当前已有3个已到达都到齐了，继续走啊

/**

CountDownLatch类是一个同步计数器,构造时传入int参数,该参数就是计数器的初始值，每调用一次countDown()方法，计数器减1,计数器大于0 时，await()方法会阻塞程序继续执行

CountDownLatch如其所写，是一个倒计数的锁存器，当计数减至0时触发特定的事件。利用这种特性，可以让主线程等待子线程的结束。下面以一个模拟运动员比赛的例子加以说明。

*/

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
  import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
  public class CountDownLatchDemo {
     private static final int PLAYER_AMOUNT = 5;
     public CountDownLatchDemo() {
         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub    
      }
     /**
      * @param args
      */
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         //对于每位运动员，CountDownLatch减1后即结束比赛
         CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);
         //对于整个比赛，所有运动员结束后才算结束
         CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(PLAYER_AMOUNT);
         Player[] plays = new Player[PLAYER_AMOUNT];
         
         for(int i=0;i<PLAYER_AMOUNT;i++)
             plays[i] = new Player(i+1,begin,end);
         
         //设置特定的线程池，大小为5
         ExecutorService exe = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(PLAYER_AMOUNT);
         for(Player p:plays)
             exe.execute(p);            //分配线程
         System.out.println("Race begins!");
         begin.countDown();
         try{
             end.await();            //等待end状态变为0，即为比赛结束
         }catch (InterruptedException e) {
             // TODO: handle exception
             e.printStackTrace();
         }finally{
             System.out.println("Race ends!");
         }
         exe.shutdown();
     }
 }

public class Player implements Runnable {
 
     private int id;
     private CountDownLatch begin;
     private CountDownLatch end;
     public Player(int i, CountDownLatch begin, CountDownLatch end) {
         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
         super();
         this.id = i;
         this.begin = begin;
         this.end = end;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         try{
             begin.await();        //等待begin的状态为0
             Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*100));    //随机分配时间，即运动员完成时间
             System.out.println("Play"+id+" arrived.");
         }catch (InterruptedException e) {
             // TODO: handle exception
             e.printStackTrace();
         }finally{
             end.countDown();    //使end状态减1，最终减至0
         }
     }
 }

Exchanger可以在两个线程之间交换数据，只能是2个线程，他不支持更多的线程之间互换数据。

当线程A调用Exchange对象的exchange()方法后，他会陷入阻塞状态，直到线程B也调用了exchange()方法，然后以线程安全的方式交换数据，之后线程A和B继续运行

1. public class ThreadLocalTest {  
2.   
3.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
4.         Exchanger<List<Integer>> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();  
5.         new Consumer(exchanger).start();  
6.         new Producer(exchanger).start();  
7.     }  
8.   
9. }  
10.   
11. class Producer extends Thread {  
12.     List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();  
13.     Exchanger<List<Integer>> exchanger = null;  
14.     public Producer(Exchanger<List<Integer>> exchanger) {  
15.         super();  
16.         this.exchanger = exchanger;  
17.     }  
18.     @Override  
19.     public void run() {  
20.         Random rand = new Random();  
21.         for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {  
22.             list.clear();  
23.             list.add(rand.nextInt(10000));  
24.             list.add(rand.nextInt(10000));  
25.             list.add(rand.nextInt(10000));  
26.             list.add(rand.nextInt(10000));  
27.             list.add(rand.nextInt(10000));  
28.             try {  
29.                 list = exchanger.exchange(list);  
30.             } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
31.                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
32.                 e.printStackTrace();  
33.             }  
34.         }  
35.     }  
36. }  
37.   
38. class Consumer extends Thread {  
39.     List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();  
40.     Exchanger<List<Integer>> exchanger = null;  
41.     public Consumer(Exchanger<List<Integer>> exchanger) {  
42.         super();  
43.         this.exchanger = exchanger;  
44.     }  
45.     @Override  
46.     public void run() {  
47.         for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {  
48.             try {  
49.                 list = exchanger.exchange(list);  
50.             } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
51.                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
52.                 e.printStackTrace();  
53.             }  
54.             System.out.print(list.get(0)+", ");  
55.             System.out.print(list.get(1)+", ");  
56.             System.out.print(list.get(2)+", ");  
57.             System.out.print(list.get(3)+", ");  
58.             System.out.println(list.get(4)+", ");  
59.         }  
60.     }  
61. }