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编写高质量代码改进C#程序的157个建议——建议61:避免在finally内撰写无效代码

热度:39   发布时间:2016-05-05 03:05:07.0
编写高质量代码改善C#程序的157个建议——建议61:避免在finally内撰写无效代码

建议61:避免在finally内撰写无效代码

在阐述建议之前,需要先提出一个问题:是否存在一种打破try-finally执行顺序的情况,答案是:不存在(除非应用程序本身因为某些很少出现的特殊情况在try块中退出)。应该始终认为finally内的代码会在方法return之前执行,哪怕return在try块中。

正是这点,可能会让你写出无效的代码,有时候,这样的无效代码会是一个隐藏很深的Bug。

看下面代码:

        private static int TestIntReturnBelowFinally()        {            int i;            try            {                i = 1;            }            finally            {                i = 2;                Console.WriteLine("\t将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");            }            return i;        }

返回值是2。

但是:

        private static int TestIntReturnInTry()        {            int i;            try            {                return i = 1;            }            finally            {                i = 2;                Console.WriteLine("\t将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");            }        }

返回值是1。

再看下面代码:

        static User TestUserReturnInTry()        {            User user = new User() { Name = "Mike", BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 1, 1) };            try            {                return user;            }            finally            {                user.Name = "Rose";                user.BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2);                Console.WriteLine("\t将user.Name改为Rose");            }        }

user类:

    class User    {        public string Name { get; set; }        public DateTime BirthDay { get; set; }    }
View Code

TestUserReturnInTry方法返回的User中,Name的值已经改为Rose了。

 

现在来解释为什么上面3个函数会有3种结果。查看TestIntReturnBelowFinally的finally部分的IL代码:

  finally  {    IL_0004:  ldc.i4.2    IL_0005:  stloc.0    IL_0006:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...\i.n.t..~.g9e                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k    IL_000b:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)    IL_0010:  endfinally  }  // end handler  IL_0011:  ldloc.0  IL_0012:  ret}

IL_0004: ldc.i4.2”首先将2压入栈顶

IL_0005: stloc.0”将最顶层堆栈的值,也就是2赋值给本地变量,也就是 i (index 0)

IL_0011: ldloc.0”将本地变量 i (index 0)的值再次压入栈

IL_0012: ret”结束函数,同时把栈内的返回值压入调用者的栈中。就函数将2赋值给了返回值。

 

看方法TestIntReturnInTry()的Debug版本的IL代码:

.method private hidebysig static int32  TestIntReturnInTry() cil managed{  // 代码大小       27 (0x1b)  .maxstack  2  .locals init ([0] int32 i,           [1] int32 CS$1$0000)  IL_0000:  nop  .try  {    IL_0001:  nop    IL_0002:  ldc.i4.1    IL_0003:  dup    IL_0004:  stloc.0    IL_0005:  stloc.1    IL_0006:  leave.s    IL_0018  }  // end .try  finally  {    IL_0008:  nop    IL_0009:  ldc.i4.2    IL_000a:  stloc.0    IL_000b:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...\i.n.t..~.g9e                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k    IL_0010:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)    IL_0015:  nop    IL_0016:  nop    IL_0017:  endfinally  }  // end handler  IL_0018:  nop  IL_0019:  ldloc.1  IL_001a:  ret} // end of method Program::TestIntReturnInTry

TestIntReturnInTry在IL中创建了两个本地变量 i 和CS$1$0000 ,i 存储的是1,然后finally中 i 被赋值为2。调用者真正得到的是由IL创建的CS$1$0000所对应的值。用Reflector查看C#代码:

private static int TestIntReturnInTry(){    int i;    int CS$1$0000;    try    {        CS$1$0000 = i = 1;    }    finally    {        i = 2;        Console.WriteLine("\t将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");    }    return CS$1$0000;}

实际上,finally中i=2没有任何意义,所以在本函数的release版本中,IL中找不到对应的代码:

.method private hidebysig static int32  TestIntReturnInTry() cil managed{  // 代码大小       17 (0x11)  .maxstack  1  .locals init ([0] int32 CS$1$0000)  .try  {    IL_0000:  ldc.i4.1    IL_0001:  stloc.0    IL_0002:  leave.s    IL_000f  }  // end .try  finally  {    IL_0004:  ldstr      bytearray (09 00 06 5C 69 00 6E 00 74 00 D3 7E 9C 67 39 65   // ...\i.n.t..~.g9e                                    3A 4E 32 00 0C FF 66 00 69 00 6E 00 61 00 6C 00   // :N2...f.i.n.a.l.                                    6C 00 79 00 67 62 4C 88 8C 5B D5 6B )             // l.y.gbL..[.k    IL_0009:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)    IL_000e:  endfinally  }  // end handler  IL_000f:  ldloc.0  IL_0010:  ret} // end of method Program::TestIntReturnInTry

用Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static int TestIntReturnInTry(){    int CS$1$0000;    try    {        CS$1$0000 = 1;    }    finally    {        Console.WriteLine("\t将int结果改为2,finally执行完毕");    }    return CS$1$0000;}

 

再解释第三个方法TestUserReturnInTry为什么返回的是“Rose”。Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static User TestUserReturnInTry(){    User CS$1$0000;    User <>g__initLocal0 = new User {        Name = "Mike",        BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 1, 1)    };    User user = <>g__initLocal0;    try    {        CS$1$0000 = user;    }    finally    {        user.Name = "Rose";        user.BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 2, 2);        Console.WriteLine("\t将user.Name改为Rose");    }    return CS$1$0000;}

 

User是引用类型, CS$1$0000 = user;说明CS$1$0000和user指向的是同一个对象,当在finally中 user.Name = "Rose"时CS$1$0000的Name也会变为“Rose”。所以返回的CS$1$0000的Name为“Rose”。

 

再举一个例子:

 

        private static User TestUserReturnInTry2()        {            User user = new User() { Name = "Mike", BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 1, 1) };            try            {                return user;            }            finally            {                user.Name = "Rose";                user.BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2);                user = null;                Console.WriteLine("\t将user置为anull");            }        }

 

返回的结果不是null,而一个Name=“Rose”,BirthDay = new DateTime(2010, 2, 2)的User对象。Reflector查看release版本中C#代码:

private static User TestUserReturnInTry2(){    User CS$1$0000;    User <>g__initLocal1 = new User {        Name = "Mike",        BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 1, 1)    };    User user = <>g__initLocal1;    try    {        CS$1$0000 = user;    }    finally    {        user.Name = "Rose";        user.BirthDay = new DateTime(0x7da, 2, 2);        user = null;        Console.WriteLine("\t将user置为anull");    }    return CS$1$0000;}

 

CS$1$0000和user指向的是同一个对象当在finally中 user=null 时,只是user指向为null了,CS$1$0000指向的对象并没有变。

 

 

转自:《编写高质量代码改善C#程序的157个建议》陆敏技

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