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Android异步四:深入AsyncTask原理

热度:88   发布时间:2016-05-01 15:30:07.0
Android异步4:深入AsyncTask原理
AsyncTask的本质是一个线程池,所有提交的异步任务都会在这个线程池(想想C3P0)中的工作线程内执行,当工作线程需要跟UI线程交互时,工作线程会通过向在UI线程创建的Handler传递消息的方式,调用相关的回调函数,从而实现UI界面的更新。

还是以昨天的例子为例~来说明AsyncTask的实现原理
    package cn.caiwb.aysnc;                  import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;      import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;      import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;      import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;            import android.app.Activity;      import android.graphics.Bitmap;      import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;      import android.os.AsyncTask;      import android.os.Bundle;      import android.view.View;      import android.view.View.OnClickListener;      import android.widget.Button;      import android.widget.ImageView;      import android.widget.ProgressBar;      import android.widget.Toast;            public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {                    private ImageView mImageView;          private Button mButton;          private ProgressBar mProgressBar;                    @Override          public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {              super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);              setContentView(R.layout.main);                            mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);              mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);              mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);              mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {                                    @Override                  public void onClick(View v) {                      GetIteyeLogoTask task = new GetIteyeLogoTask();                      task.execute("http://www.iteye.com/images/logo.gif");                  }              });          }                    class GetIteyeLogoTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Bitmap> {//继承AsyncTask                    @Override              protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {//处理后台执行的任务,在后台线程执行                  publishProgress(0);//将会调用onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress)方法                  HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();                  publishProgress(30);                  HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(params[0]);//获取csdn的logo                  final Bitmap bm;                  try {                      HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);                      bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());                  } catch (Exception e) {                                            return null;                  }                  publishProgress(100);                  //mImageView.setImageBitmap(result); 不能在后台线程操作ui                  return bm;              }                            protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {//在调用publishProgress之后被调用,在ui线程执行                  mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);//更新进度条的进度               }                     protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {//后台任务执行完之后被调用,在ui线程执行                   if(result != null) {                       Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                       mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);                   }else {                       Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                   }               }                              protected void onPreExecute () {//在 doInBackground(Params...)之前被调用,在ui线程执行                   mImageView.setImageBitmap(null);                   mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位               }                              protected void onCancelled () {//在ui线程执行                   mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位               }                        }                      }  


分析:

在分析实现流程之前,我们先了解一下AsyncTask有哪些成员变量。

   private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE =5;//5个核心工作线程   private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128;//最多128个工作线程   private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;//空闲线程的超时时间为1秒    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sWorkQueue =           new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);//等待队列    private static final ThreadPoolExecutorsExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,           MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue,sThreadFactory);//线程池是静态变量,所有的异步任务都会放到这个线程池的工作线程内执行。



回到例子中,点击按钮之后会新建一个GetIteyeLogoTask对象:

GetIteyeLogoTask task = new GetIteyeLogoTask();  


此时会调用父类AsyncTask的构造函数:

AsyncTask.java

public AsyncTask() {        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {            public Result call() throws Exception {                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);                return doInBackground(mParams);            }        };        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {            @Override            protected void done() {                Message message;                Result result = null;                try {                    result = get();                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);                } catch (ExecutionException e) {                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",                            e.getCause());                } catch (CancellationException e) {                    message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,                            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null));                    message.sendToTarget();//取消任务,发送MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL消息                    return;                } catch (Throwable t) {                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "                            + "doInBackground()", t);                }                message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,                        new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result));//完成任务,发送MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息并传递result对象                message.sendToTarget();            }        };    }



WorkerRunnable类实现了callable接口的call()方法,该函数会调用我们在AsyncTask子类中实现的doInBackground(mParams)方法,由此可见,WorkerRunnable封装了我们要执行的异步任务。FutureTask中的protected void done() {}方法实现了异步任务状态改变后的操作。当异步任务被取消,会向UI线程传递MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL消息,当任务成功执行,会向UI线程传递MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息,并把执行结果传递到UI线程。

由此可知,AsyncTask在构造的时候已经定义好要异步执行的方法doInBackground(mParams)和任务状态变化后的操作(包括失败和成功)。

当创建完GetIteyeLogoTask对象后,执行

task.execute("http://www.iteye.com/images/logo.gif");  


此时会调用AsyncTask的execute(Params...params)方法

public final AsyncTask<Params,Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {            switch (mStatus) {                case RUNNING:                    throw newIllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"                            + " the taskis already running.");                case FINISHED:                    throw newIllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"                            + " the taskhas already been executed "                            + "(a task canbe executed only once)");            }        }         mStatus = Status.RUNNING;         onPreExecute();//运行在ui线程,在提交任务到线程池之前执行         mWorker.mParams = params;        sExecutor.execute(mFuture);//提交任务到线程池         return this;}


当任务正在执行或者已经完成,会抛出IllegalStateException,由此可知我们不能够重复调用execute(Params...params)方法。在提交任务到线程池之前,调用了onPreExecute()方法。然后才执行sExecutor.execute(mFuture)是任务提交到线程池。

前面我们说到,当任务的状态发生改变时(1、执行成功2、取消执行3、进度更新),工作线程会向UI线程的Handler传递消息。我们知道Handler要处理其他线程传递过来的消息。在AsyncTask中,InternalHandler是在UI线程上创建的,它接收来自工作线程的消息,实现代码如下:

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {       @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked","RawUseOfParameterizedType"})        @Override        public voidhandleMessage(Message msg) {            AsyncTaskResult result =(AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;            switch (msg.what) {                caseMESSAGE_POST_RESULT:                    // There is onlyone result                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);//执行任务成功                    break;                caseMESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:                   result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);//进度更新                    break;                caseMESSAGE_POST_CANCEL:                    result.mTask.onCancelled();//取消任务                    break;            }        }    }


当接收到消息之后,AsyncTask会调用自身相应的回调方法。

总结:

1、 AsyncTask的本质是一个静态的线程池,AsyncTask派生出的子类可以实现不同的异步任务,这些任务都是提交到静态的线程池中执行。

2、线程池中的工作线程执行doInBackground(mParams)方法执行异步任务

3、当任务状态改变之后,工作线程会向UI线程发送消息,AsyncTask内部的InternalHandler响应这些消息,并调用相关的回调函数


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